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Each year two medals are awarded for the most important contributions to the advancement of "Natural Knowledge鈥� in the physical and biological sciences respectively. A third medal is awarded for distinguished contributions in the applied sciences.

The three Royal Medals, also known as the Queen鈥檚 Medals, are awarded annually by the Sovereign on the recommendation of the Council of the Society. Frederick Sanger FRS, Max Perutz FRS and Francis Crick FRS are among those who have been awarded a Royal Medal.

The Royal Society invites nominations for its Athena prize. This recognises individuals and teams in the UK research community who have contributed towards the advancement of diversity in science, technology, engineering and mathematics in their institutions within their communities. The prize aims to inspire innovation and leadership in diversity issues.

Individuals or teams working in UK academic and research communities may apply.

The prize is worth 拢5,000.

The Royal Society Michael Faraday Prize and Lecture is awarded annually to the scientist or engineer whose expertise in communicating scientific ideas in lay terms is exemplary. Normally, preference will be given to a practising scientist or engineer, but other individuals whose primary expertise is in writing, broadcasting or other relevant forms of communication may also be considered. The award is named after Michael Faraday FRS, the influential inventor and electrical pioneer who was prominent in the public communication of science and founded the Christmas lectures at the Royal Institution. The first award was made in 1986

The Bakerian Medal and Lecture is awarded annually and is the premier lecture in physical sciences.

The lectureship was established through a bequest by Henry Baker FRS (PDF) of 拢100 for 'an oration or discourse on such part of natural history or experimental philosophy, at such time and in such manner as the President and Council of the Society for the time being shall please to order and appoint'. The lecture series began in 1775.

The Copley Medal is the Society鈥檚 oldest and most prestigious award. The medal is now awarded annually for outstanding achievements in research in any branch of science. The award alternates between the physical and biological sciences (odd and even years respectively).

First awarded in 1731 following donations from Godfrey Copley FRS (PDF), it was initially awarded for the most important scientific discovery or for the greatest contribution made by experiment. The Copley Medal is thought to be the world's oldest scientific prize and it was awarded 170 years before the first Nobel Prize. Notable winners include Benjamin Franklin, Dorothy Hodgkin, Albert Einstein and Charles Darwin

The award is supported by the Department for 糖心TV, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and is named in honour of the biophysicist Rosalind Franklin, who made critical contributions to the understanding of the fine molecular structures of DNA. The first award was made in 2003.

The medal is of silver gilt and is accompanied by a grant of 拢30,000. The recipient of the award is expected to spend a proportion of the grant on implementing a project to raise the profile of women in STEM.

The Hughes Medal is awarded to an outstanding researcher in the field of energy. The award was named after the scientist David E. Hughes FRS (PDF) and was first awarded in 1902. Hughes was a Welsh-American scientist and musician who invented the first working radio communication system and the first microphone. The medal is of silver gilt, awarded annually and is accompanied by a gift of 拢2,000

The Rumford Medal is awarded for outstanding researcher in the field of physics. The award was established following a donation by Benjamin Thompson FRS (PDF), Count Rumford of the Holy Roman Empire, an American-born former soldier, spy, statesman and scientist who would go on to found the Royal Institution. The first award was made in 1800. The medal is now awarded annually, is silver gilt and is accompanied by a gift of 拢2,000.

The Royal Society Armourers & Brasiers' Company Prize is awarded biennially (in even years), for outstanding, pioneering and innovating materials science research with potential for application.

The Prize was established with support from the Worshipful Company of Armourers & Brasiers', a livery company originally comprised of armourers and brass workers. The first award was made in 1985. The medal is of silver gilt and is accompanied by a gift of 拢2,000