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Abstract: Survival of most bacteria depends on their ability to synthesize a robust cell wall to interface with the external milieu. Peptidoglycan (PG), the major component of the bacterial wall, is a macromolecule that envelops the cell in a tough but flexible mesh-like structure that can bear the mechanical stress resulting from high intracellular turgor. Coccoid bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus possess one protein machinery dedicated to PG synthesis, which has to be diverted from the periphery of the cell to the septum in preparation for division. The molecular cue that coordinates this transition has remained elusive.

We have investigated the localization of most proteins involved in PG biosynthesis in S. aureus. Our findings demonstrate an elegant mechanism by which the timely recruitment of a single protein to a precise location in the cell shifts the localization of PG synthesis.