Terabotics Publications
Journal Publications
- 'Simulated Comparison of On-chip Terahertz Filters for Sub-wavelength Dielectric Sensing', J. P. R. Nixon, C. D. W. Mosley, S. Park, C. D. Wood, and J. E. Cunningham, Sensors 2026, 26(1), 129, DOI:
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'Free-space and polarization maintaining delivery of terahertz radiation from a quantum cascade laser in a dry dilution refrigerator', Matthew Vaughan, W Michailow, R Xia, L. Li, M. Salih, H.E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, E. H. Linfield, J. R. Davies, A. G., Freeman, J.E. Cunningham, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 96, 063901 (2025), DOI:
- 'Magnetic localization during manipulation by two robotized permanent magnets', T. da Veiga, M. Brockdorff, G. Pittiglio, J. H. Chandler, P. Valdastri, The International Journal of Robotics Research. 2025;44(9):1600-1613.The International Journal of Robotics Research. 2025;44(9):1600-1613 DOI:
- 'In vivo Terahertz Sensing of Skin Cancer Patients', Young, J.J., Page, B.G., Hernandez-Serrano, A.I., Hardwicke, J. and Pickwell-MacPherson, E., Adv. Photonics Res. 2400195 (2025) DOI:
- 'Towards autonomous robotic THz-based in vivo skin sensing: the PicoBot', Dogra, A., Jones, D., Hernandez Serrano, A.I., Chakraborty, S., Young, J. J., Page, B. G., Hardwicke, J., Valdastri, P., Pickwell-MacPherson, E., Sci Rep 15, 4568 (2025), DOI:
- 'Hybrid Tendon-Actuated and Soft Magnetic Robotic Platform for Pancreatic Applications', B. Calm茅, A. Metcalf, M. Brockdorff, H. Jang, Y. Choi, P. R. Lloyd, S. C. Ryu, P. Valdastri, IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1784-1791, Feb. 2025, DOI:
- 'Developing Hydration Maps of Polymer Latex Film Formation Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy', Gon莽alo Costa, Emily M. Brogden, Jacob J. Young, Huiliang Ou, Arturo I. Hernandez-Serrano, Rayko I. Stantchev, Stefan A. F. Bon, Emma Pickwell-MacPherson, Langmuir 2024, 40, 47, 25023–25033, DOI:
- 'Dual-Beam THz Spectrometer with Low-Aberration Optics and Off-Axis Multipixel Photoconductive Emitters for Reduced Systematic Errors', Nishtha Chopra, James Lloyd-Hughes, ACS Photonics 2025, 12, 2, 917–924, DOI:
- 'High-sensitivity THz evanescent field sensing of biomolecules using on-chip systems', Binbin Hong, Kun Meng, Yanbing Qui, Zhaohui Zeng, Ian Robertson, John Cunningham, Nutapong Somjit, Appl. Phys. Lett. 125, 191107 (2024), DOI:
- 'A Tutorial on THz Pulse Analysis: Accurate Retrieval of Pulse Arrival Times, Spectral Energy Density and Absolute Spectral Phase', J. Lloyd-Hughes, N. Chopra, J. Deveikis, R. Pandya and J. Woolley, J. Infrared mm THz 46 34 (May 2025), DOI:
- 'Electrically tunable Si-based THz photomodulator using dielectric/polymer surface gating', X. Romain, P.R. Wilshaw, R.I. Stanchev, T. Miao, S. Mou, T. Niewelt, S. McNab, S.L. Pain, N.E. Grant, R.S. Bonilla, E. Pickwell-MacPherson, J.D. Murphy, IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 15 76-83 (2025), DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3477983Link opens in a new window
- 'Realistic Surgical Image Dataset Generation Based on 3D Gaussian Splatting', Zeng T, Loza Galindo G, Hu J, Valdastri P, Jones D, Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2024 - 27th International Conference, Marrakesh, Morocco, October 6–10, 2024, Proceedings, Part VI. pp. 510-519), DOI:
- 'An Ultrasound-Guided System for Autonomous Marking of Tumor Boundaries During Robot-assisted Surgery', N. Marahrens, Jones D, Murasovs N, Biyani C, Valdastri P, IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics, DOI:
- 'External Steering of Vine Robots via Magnetic Actuation', Kim N, Greenidge N, Davy J, Park S, Chandler J, Ryu J, Valdastri P, Soft Robotics, DOI:
- 'The adult large bowel: describing environment morphology for effective biomedical device development', J Norton, Martin J, Winters C, Scaglioni B, Obstein K, Subramanian V, Valdastri P, Progress in Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 6, issue 3, August 2024, DOI:
- 'In vivo terahertz sensing of psoriasis and eczema patients', Jacob J. Young, Arturo I. Hernandez-Serrano, Joseph Hardwicke, Emma Pickwell-MacPherson, Sci Rep 14, 17546 (2024) DOI:
- 'Variation of skin hydration profile with biophysical factors and lifestyle revealed by in vivo terahertz sensing', Xuefei Ding, A. I. Hernandez-Serrano, Jacob J. Young, and Emma Pickwell-MacPherson, Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 15, issue 9, pp. 5180-5198 (2024), DOI:
- 'Asynchronous optical sampling of on-chip terahertz devices for real-time sensing and imaging applications', C. D. W. Mosley, R. Tucker, J. P. R. Nixon, S. J. Park, L. H. Li, J. R. Freeman, C. D. Wood, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, J. E. Cunningham, Optics Express, Vol. 32, issue 16, pp. 27940-27949 (2024), DOI:
- 'Transport of skyrmions by surface acoustic waves', Shuai, Jintao and Lopez-Diaz, Luis and Cunningham, John and Moore, Thomas A., Appl. Phys. Lett. 124, 202407 (2024), DOI:
- 'Vine Robots With Magnetic Skin for Surgical Navigations', Davy J, Greenidge N, Kim S, Tinsley L, Lloyd P, Chandler J, Harris R, Morimoto T, Valdastri P, IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, Vol. 9, issue 8, June 2024, DOI:
- 'Real-time surgical tool detection with multi-scale positional encoding and contrastive learning', Loza G, Valdastri P, Ali S, Healthcare technology letters: Vol. 11, issue 2-3, April-June 2024, DOI:
- 'Effect of transdermal drug delivery patches on the stratum corneum: in vivo inspection with a handheld terahertz probe', Arthur I. Hernandez-Serrano, Xuefei Ding, Goncalo Costa, Gabit Nurumbetov, David M. Haddleton, and Emma Pickwell-MacPherson, Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 15, issue 5, April 2024, DOI:
- 'Terahertz probe for real time in vivo skin hydration evaluation', Arturo I. Hernandez-Serrano, Xuefei Ding, Jacob Young, Goncalo Costa, Anubhav Dogra, Joseph Hardwicke, Emma Pickwell-MacPherson. , Feb 2024.
- 'Real-time millimeter wave holography with an arrayed detector', Penketh H, Ergoktas MS, Lawrence CR, Phillips DB, Cunningham JE, Hendry E, Mrnka M, Optics Express, Vol. 32, issue 4, January 2024, DOI:
- 'Simultaneous measurement Of orthogonal terahertz fields via an emmission multiplexing scheme', Huiliang Ou, R. I. Statchev, X. Chen, T. Blu, M. Semtsiv, W. T. Masselink, A. Hernandez Serrano, G. Costa, J. Young, N. Chopra, J. Lloyd-Hughes and E. MacPherson, Optics Express, Vol. 32, issue 4, January 2024, DOI:
- 'Terahertz imaging through emissivity control', M. Mrnka, H. Penketh, I.R. Hooper, S. Saxena, N.E. Grant, J.D. Murphy, D.B. Phillips, E. Hendry, Optica, Vol. 10, issue 2, pp1641-1646 (2023), DOI:
- 'Optimum optical designs for diffraction-limited terahertz spectroscopy and imaging systems using off-axis parabolic mirrors', Chopra, N, Lloyd-Hughes, J, J. IR. mm THz, November 2023, DOI:
- 'Surface acoustic wave effect on magnetic domain wall dynamics', Shuai J, Lopez-Diaz L, Cunningham J, Moore T, Physical Review B 108 104422, Vol. 18, issue 10, September 2023, DOI:
- 'High wavenumber Raman spectroscopy for intraoperative assessment of breast tumour margins', Haskell J, Hubbard T, Murray C, Gardner B, Ives C, Ferguson D, Stone N, Analyst, Vol. 148, issue 18, pp. 4373-4385, DOI:
- 'Determination of the Permittivity of Transmission lines at Milli-Kelvin temperatures', Stanley M, Parker-Jervis R, Skinner J, De Graaf S, Lindstrom T, Cunningham J, Ridler N, IEEE Access 11 (2023) 60626-60634, DOI:
- 'Monitoring the Terahertz Response of Skin Beneath Transdermal Drug Delivery Patches Using Sparse Deconvolution', Barker, X. E. R., Costa, G., Stantchev, R. I., Hernandez-Serrano, A. I., Nurumbetov, G., Haddleton, D. M., & Pickwell-MacPherson, E, IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, July 2023, DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2023.3292546Link opens in a new window
- 'Separation of Heating and Magnetoelastic Coupling Effects in Surface-Acoustic-Wave-Enhanced Creep of Magnetic Domain Walls', Shuai J, Hunt R, Moore T, Cunningham J, Phys. Rev. Applied Vol. 20, issue 1, July 2023, DOI:
- 'Independent Control of Two Magnetic Robots using External Permanent Magnets: A Feasibility Study', Davy J, da Veiga T, Pittiglio G, Chandler J, Valdastri P, IEEE Xplore, May 2023, DOI:
- 'The 2023 Roadmap for Terahertz Science and Technology', J. Cunningham, M. B. Johnston, E. MacPherson (and 51 others), J. Phys. D 56鈥223001, April 2023, DOI:
- 'Active THz beam shaping using a one-dimensional array of photoconductive emitters', Chopra, N, Deveikis, J, Lloyd-Hughes, J, Appl. Phys. Lett. 122 061102, Feb 2023, DOI:
- 'Terahertz photoconductance dynamics of semiconductors from sub-nanosecond to millisecond timescales', E. Butler-Caddle, N.E. Grant, S.L. Pain, J.D. Murphy, K.D.G.I. Jayawardena and J. Lloyd-Hughes, Appl. Phys. Lett. 122 012101, Jan 2023, DOI:
- 'Efficient free-space to on-chip coupling of THz-bandwidth pulses for biomolecule fingerprint sensing', Qiu Y, Meng K, Wang W, Chen J, Cunningham J, Robertson I, Hong B, Wang GP, Optics Express鈥31.2 2373-2385, 2023, DOI:
- 'Engineering the carrier lifetime and switching speed in Si-based mm-wave photomodulators', I.R. Hooper, E. Khorani, X. Romain, L. E. Barr, T. Niewelt, S. Saxena, A. Wratten, N.E. Grant, J.D. Murphy, E. Hendry, Journal of Applied Physics, 132 233102 (2022), DOI:
- 'Quantitative Evaluation of Transdermal Drug Delivery Patches on Human Skin with in vivo THz-TDS', X Ding, G Costa, A I Hernandez-Serrano, R I. Stantchev, G Nurumbetov, D M. Haddleton, and E Pickwell鈥慚acPherson, Biomedical Optics Express, Nov 2022, DOI:
- 'Validating S-parameter measurements of RF integrated circuits at milli-Kelvin temperatures', M Stanley, RS Parker鈥怞ervis, S de Graaf, T Lindstr枚m, J E Cunningham, N M Ridler, Electronics Letters, 2022, DOI:
- 'Enhanced Terahertz Spectral-Fingerprint Detection of 伪-Lactose Using Sub-Micrometer-Gap On-Chip Waveguides', S J Park, RS Parker鈥怞ervis, J E Cunningham, Advanced Theory and Simulations, 2022, DOI:
- 'Design of a Split Ring Resonator Integrated with On-Chip Terahertz Waveguides for Colon Cancer Detection', S J Park, R Tucker, E Pickwell-MacPherson, J E Cunningham, Advanced Theory and Simulations, 2022, DOI:
- 'Simulated and Experimental Verification for a Terahertz Specific Finite Rate of Innovation Signal Processing Method', X Barker, R Stanchev, A I Hernandez-Serrano, E Pickwell-MacPherson. Sensors, 2022, DOI:
- 'Active Stabilization of Interventional Tasks Utilizing a Magnetically Manipulated Endoscope', L Barducci, B Scaglioni, J Martin, K Obstein, P Valdastri, Frontiers in Robotics & AI, 2022 DOI:
- 'Robotic Autonomy for Magnetic Endoscope Biopsy', J Martin, L Barducci, B Scaglioni, J Norton, C Winters, V Subramanian, A Arezzo, K Obstein, P Valdastri, IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics, 2022, DOI:
- 'Tutorial: An introduction to terahertz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry', X Chen, E Pickwell-MacPherson, APL Photonics, 2022, DOI:
- 'Towards Autonomous Robotic Minimally Invasive Ultrasound Scanning and Vessel Reconstruction on Non-Planar Surfaces', N Marahrens, B Scaglioni, D Jones, R Prasad, C S Biyani, P Valdastri, Frontiers in Robotics, 2022, DOI:
- 'Multi-pixel photoconductive emitters for the controllable generation of azimuthal and radial terahertz beams', J Deveikis and J Lloyd-Hughes, Optics Express 2022, DOI:
- 'Unsupervised segmentation of biomedical hyperspectral image data: tackling high dimensionality with convolutional autoencoders', C Bench, J Nallala, C Wang, H Sheridan, and N Stone, Biomedical Optics Express, 2022, DOI:
- 'Active Stabilization of Interventional Tasks utilizing a Magnetically Manipulated Endoscope', L. Barducci, B. Scaglioni, J. Martin, K. L. Obstein, P. Valdastri, Frontiers in Robotics and AI, section Biomedical Robotics, 2022, Vol. 9, DOI:
- 'Occlusion-Robust Autonomous Robotic Manipulation of Human Soft Tissues with 3D Surface Feedback', Junlei Hu, Dominic Jones, Mehmet Dogar, Pietro Valdastri, IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Conference Proceedings
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'Designing a Magnetic Endoscope for In Vivo Contact-Based Tissue Scanning Using Developable Roller', N. Greenidge, C. Marzi, B. Calm茅, J. Martin, B. Scaglioni, F. Mathis-Ullrich, P. Valdastri, , Hangzhou, China, October 2025
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'Tunable silicon-based THz photomodulators for single-pixel imaging', Nicholas E. Grant, Xavier Romain, Edris Khorani, Ian R. Hooper, Sophie L. Pain, Euan Hendry, John D. Murphy. Oral presentation at , Helsinki, Finland, August 2025
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'Multi-layered Model To Simulate The Effect Of Skin Ridge Flattening On Terahertz Measurements Of Skin', Benjamin Page, , Helsinki, Finland, August 2025
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'In vivo THz imaging of skin: automating the PicoBot to image the region of interest', Agrima Agarwal, , Helsinki, Finland, August 2025
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'High-throughput extraction of refractive indices in THz reflection imaging', Shreeya Rane, Sen Mou, , Helsinki, Finland, August 2025
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'In vivo THz Scanning of patients with skin conditions', Agrima Agarwal, , Helsinki, Finland, August 2025
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'Dual-Pixel Photoconductive Antenna for Accurate Polarization Measurements', poster presented, H. Ou, M. Semtsiv, W.T. Masselink, E. Pickwell-MacPherson and J. Lloyd-Hughes, IRMMW-THz 2025, Helsinki, Finland, August 2025
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'Dual-Beam THz Spectroscopy for Reduced Systematic Errors', poster presented, N. Chopra and J. Lloyd-Hughes, CLEO 2025, Long Beach, USA, May 2025
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'Spectrometer design rules for low-aberration, high-bandwidth THz spectroscopy and imaging', N. Chopra and J. Lloyd-Hughes, SPIE Photonics West 2025, San Francisco, January 2025 [talk]
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'Multicontact photoconductive antennas for polarization-sensitive THz-TDS', H. Ou, M. Semtsiv, W.T. Masselink, E. Pickwell-MacPherson and J. Lloyd-Hughes, ISUPTW 2024, Guangzhou, China, November 2024 [talk]
- 'In vivo pilot study of psoriasis using Terahertz sensing', Jacob Young, , Perth, Western Australia, September 2024
- 'Application Of Frequency-Wavelet Domain Deconvolution To In Vivo THz Skin Measurements', Connor Mosley, , Perth, Western Australia, September 2024
- 'Physics Informed Model For Classification Of Dry Skin Using THz-TDS Signals', Agrima Agarwal, , Perth, Western Australia, September 2024
- 'Low Aberration Optical Design To Maximise The Bandwidth Of THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy', Nishtha Chopra, , Perth, Western Australia, September 2024
- '2D Hydration Map Extraction Of Latex Film Formation Via THz-TDS', Rayko Stantchev, , Perth, Western Australia, September 2024
- 鈥楨lectrically tuneable silicon-based photomodulator for THz applications鈥, Xavier Romain, Materials Research Society Spring meeting, poster presentation, Seattle, USA, May 2024
- 鈥極ptical design guide for diffraction-limited THz spectroscopy and imaging using off-axis parabolic mirrors鈥, poster presented by Nishtha Chopra, Optical THz Science and Technology, Marburg, Germany, April 2024
- 鈥楾erahertz devices, spectroscopy and imaging at 糖心TV鈥, Invited talk presented by James Lloyd-Hughes, Joint EPSRC-DFG Workshop on Integrated THz systems, Leeds, UK, 29 February - 1 March 2024
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鈥楳ulti-pixel Addressable Photoconductive Arrays for THz Beam Shaping and Polarization Control鈥, James Lloyd-Hughes, IRMMW-THz 2023, invited keynote speech, Montreal, Canada, September 2023, DOI:
- 鈥楢ctive multipixel photoconductive emitter technology for THz beam shaping and 蝉迟别别谤颈苍驳鈥, James Lloyd-Hughes, IRMMW-THz 2023, Montreal, Canada, September 2023, DOI:
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鈥楢ctive multipixel photoconductive emitter technology for THz beam shaping and 蝉迟别别谤颈苍驳鈥, James Lloyd-Hughes, SPIE Optics 2023 invited talk, San Diego, USA, August 2023
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鈥楢dvances in THz in vivo imaging of skin鈥, Emma Pickwell-MacPherson, IWMTS 2023 invited keynote speech, Bohn, July 2023
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鈥楻etrieving the Dynamic Hydration Profile of Skin in vivo with a Handheld THz Probe鈥, Xuefei Ding*; A. I. Hernandez-Serrano; Emma Pickwell-MacPherson, IRMMW-THz 2023, invited keynote talk
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鈥業n-vivo Stratum Corneum Hydration Inspection Using A Non-invasive Terahertz Hand-held Scanner鈥, Arturo Hernandez Serrano; Emma Pickwell-MacPherson, IRMMW-THz 2023
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鈥極ptical Alignment For Non-contact In Vivo THz Sensing鈥, Jacob Young; Emma Pickwell-Macphersone; Rakyo Stantchev, IRMMW-THz 2023
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鈥楾erahertz Time-domain Spectroscopy For The Analysis Of Latex Film Formation鈥, Gon莽alo Costa*1 ; Emily Brogden1 ; Jacob Young1 ; Arturo Hernandez-Serrano1 ; Rayko Stantchev2 ; Stefan Bon1 ; Emma MacPherson, IRMMW-THz 2023
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鈥楽imultaneous Measurement Of Orthogonal Terahertz Fields Enabled Via A THz MODEM (modulator/ demodulator) Scheme鈥, Huiliang Ou; Rayko Stantchev; Mykhaylo Semtsiv; William Masselink; James Lloyd-Hughes; Emma MacPherson, IRMMW-THz 2023, Montreal, Canada, September 2023. Runner-up in best student contribution award. DOI:
- 'Coordinate Calibration of a Dual-Arm Robot System by Visual Tool Tracking ', Junlei Hu, Dominic Jones, Pietro Valdastri, ICRA 2023
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鈥業n-vivo skin hydration sensing using a hand-held THz scanner鈥, Arturo I. Hernandez-Serrano, Xuefei Ding, and Emma Pickwell-MacPherson, CLEO 2023, Munich, Germany, June 2023. DOI:
- 'Multi-Pixel Photoconductive THz Emitters for Active Beam Shaping and Polarisation Control鈥, talk presented by James Lloyd-Hughes, CLEO 2023, San Jose, May 2023
- 'Soft Robotics for Early Detection and Treatment of Cancer', Keynote at the International Symposium on Medical Robotics (ISMR) 2023, Atlanta, GA,USA, April 2023 and Plenary at Advances in Robotics (AIR) 2023, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India, July 2023 and Keynote at the Gordon Research Conference Robotics, Ventura, CA, USA, August 2022.
- 'Convolutional Neural Network Approach to THz Reflection Alignment', J Young, R I. Stantchev, A I Hernandez-Serrano, E Pickwell鈥慚acPherson, IEEE 47th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, 2022, DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50927.2022.9895518Link opens in a new window
- 'Rapid s- & p- polarised THz spectroscopy for in-vivo measurements using a handheld scanner', H Ou, R I Stantchev, J Deveikis, N Chopra, A I Hernandez-Serrano, J Lloyd-Hughes, E Pickwell鈥慚acPherson, IEEE 47th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, 2022, DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50927.2022.9896004Link opens in a new window
- 'Equipment optimization for time-domain THz single-pixel imaging', R I Stantchev, G Costa, E Pickwell鈥慚acPherson, IEEE 47th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, 2022, DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50927.2022.9895723Link opens in a new window
- 'Dielectric response characterization of in vivo skin areas using a handheld THZ probe', A I Hernandez-Serrano, J Hardwicke, E Pickwell鈥慚acPherson, IEEE 47th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, 2022, DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50927.2022.9895521Link opens in a new window
- 'Finite Rate of Innovation Theory Applied to Terahertz Signal Processing', X E R Barker, E Pickwell鈥慚acPherson, IEEE 47th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, 2022, DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50927.2022.9895923Link opens in a new window
- 'Temperature-Dependent Dielectric Properties of Human Bone Constituents at THz Frequencies: Contrast Mechanisms and Bound Water Dynamics', N Chopra, N Shaw, L Lotkowska, C Sui, M Navarro-C铆a and J Lloyd-Hughes, IEEE 47th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, 2022, DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50927.2022.9896085Link opens in a new window
- 'Investigation of Hydrogel Skin Phantoms Using Terahertz Time-domain Spectroscopy', D Jayasankar, A I Hernandez-Serrano, R A Hand, J Stake, E Pickwell鈥慚acPherson, 52nd European Microwave Conference, 2022, DOI: 10.23919/EuMC54642.2022.9924308Link opens in a new window
- 'Magnetic tentacle robots for enhanced endoluminal access', invited talk in the 鈥淩obotic Capsules for Gut鈥 Special Session at the International Conference on Manipulation, Automation and Robotics at Small Scales (MARSS) 2022, Toronto, Canada, July 2022
- 'Exploring Autonomy in Robotic Colonoscopy', invited talk in the 鈥淩ecent Advances in Autonomous Surgery: emerging AI technologies towards machine consciousness and robotic awareness in the surgical field鈥 workshop at The Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics 2022, London, UK, June 2022
- 'Lifesaving Capsule Robots – Taking the GI Tract by STORM', invited Keynote in the AGA Translational Symposium 鈥淛ourney Through GI via AI鈥, Digestive Disease Week (DDW) 2022, San Diego, CA, USA, May 2022