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Seminar and Essay Questions

• How were religious 'others' portrayed in medieval Christian texts?
• To what extent did religious and secular authorities collaborate in constructing the medieval 'other' as a threat to social order?
• How did medieval understanding of disease contribute to the social exclusion of certain groups?

Primary Sources

• (please read cannons 3, 68, 69, 70)
• Office at the Seclusion of a Leper

E-resources

Essential Reading

R.N. Swanson, Religion and Devotion in Europe, c.1215-c.1515 (Cambridge, 1995), chap. 8 鈥業nclusion and Exclusion鈥�

R. Bartlett, 鈥楳edieval and Early Modern Concepts of Race and Ethnicity鈥�, Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 31 (2001), 39-56

General

R.I. Moore, The Formation of a Persecuting Society: Authority and Deviance in Western Europe, 950-1250 (Oxford, 2nd edn, 2007)

J. Delumeau, Sin and Fear: the Emergence of a Western Guilt Culture, 13th-18th Centuries (New York, 1990)

R.N. Swanson, Religion and Devotion in Europe, c.1215-c.1515 (Cambridge, 1995), chap. 8 鈥業nclusion and Exclusion鈥�

D. Nirenberg, Communities of Violence: Persecution of Minorities in the Middle Ages (Princeton, 1996)

J. Richards, Sex, Dissidence and Damnation: Minority Groups in the Middle Ages (London, 1991)

B. Geremek, The Margins of Society in Late Medieval Paris (Cambridge, 1987)

M. Barber, 鈥楲epers, Jews and Moslems: the Plot to Overthrow Christendom in 1321鈥�, History, 66 (1981), 1-17

D. Oldridge, Strange Histories: the Trial of the Pig, the Walking Dead, and Other Matters of Fact from the Medieval and Renaissance Worlds (London, 2005)

J.C. Laursen and C.J. Nederman (eds), Beyond the Persecuting Society: Religious Tolerance before the Enlightenment (1998), Part I

S.J. Milner (ed), At the Margins: Minority Groups in Premodern Italy (Minneapolis, 2005), esp. chaps. 1 and 2

E.H. Mizruchi, Regulating Society: Beguines, Bohemians and Other Marginals (Chicago, 1987)

Jews

S. Almog (ed.), Antisemitism through the Ages (Oxford, 1988)

M. Rubin, Gentile Tales: The Narrative Assault on Late Medieval Jews (New Haven, 1999)

S. Cohn, 鈥楾he Black Death and the Burning of Jews鈥�, Past and Present, 196 (2007), 3-36

O.R. Constable (ed.), Medieval Iberia: Readings from Christian, Muslim and Jewish Sources (Philadelphia, 1997)

A.Foa, The Jews of Europe after the Black Death (Berkeley and London, 2000)

J. Edwards, The Jews in Christian Europe, 1400-1700 (London, 1988)

R.P. Hsia, Trent 1475: Stories of a Ritual Murder Trial (2nd edn, New Haven, 1996)

and H. Lehmann (eds), In and Out of the Ghetto: Jewish-Gentile Relations in Late Medieval and Early Modern Germany (Cambridge, 1995)

M.D. Meyerson and E.D. English (eds), Christians, Muslims and Jews in Medieval and Early Modern Spain (Notre Dame, 2000)

D. Nirenberg, 鈥楳ass Conversion and Genealogical Mentalities: Jews and Christians in Fifteenth-Century Spain鈥�, Past and Present (2002)

B. Pullan, The Jews of Europe and the Inquisition of Venice (London, 1997)

B. Ravid, Studies on the Jews of Venice, 1382-1797 (Aldershot, 2003)

E. Shoham-Steiner, 鈥楢n ultimate pariah? Jewish social attitudes toward Jewish lepers in Medieval Western Europe鈥�, Social Research (online journal) spring 2003

Muslims

D.R. Blanks and M. Frassetto (eds), Western Views of Islam in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Perceptions of the Other (Manchester, 1999)

L.P. Harvey, Islamic Spain, 1250-1500 (Chicago, 1990)

B.Z. Kedar, Crusade and Mission: European Approaches toward the Muslims (Princeton, 1984)

B. Lewis, Cultures and Conflict: Christians, Muslims and Jews in the Age of Discovery (Oxford, 1995)

J. Casey, 鈥楾he Moriscos and the Depopulation of Valencia鈥�, Past and Present, 50 (1970), 1-25

O.R. Constable (ed.), Medieval Iberia: Readings from Christian, Muslim and Jewish Sources (Philadelphia, 1997)

J.H. Edwards, 鈥楳ission and Inquisition among Conversos and Moriscos in Spain, 1250-1550鈥�, Studies in Church History, 21 (1984), 139-51

A.G. Chejne, Islam and the West: The Moriscos, A Cultural and Social History (Albany, 1983)

B. Taylor, 鈥楾he Enemy Within and Without: an Anatomy of Fear on the Spanish Mediterranean Littoral鈥�, in W.G. Naphy and P. Roberts (eds), Fear in Early Modern Society (Manchester, 1997), pp. 78-99

Disease and Leprosy

S. Cohn, The Black Death Transformed: Disease and Culture in Early Renaissance Europe (London, 2002)

P. Conrad and J. Schneider, Deviance and Medicalization: from Badness to Sickness (London, 1985)

M. Douglas, 'Witchcraft and Leprosy: Two Strategies of Exclusion', Man, 26 (1991), 723-36

P. Richards, The Medieval Leper and his Northern Heirs (Woodbridge, 2000)

E. Bever, 鈥榃itchcraft Fears and Psychosocial Factors in Disease鈥�, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 30 (2000), 573-90

S.N. Brody, The Disease of the Soul: Leprosy in Medieval Literature (Ithaca and London, 1974)

A.G. Carmichael, 鈥楥ontagion Theory and Contagion Practice in Fifteenth-Century Milan鈥�, Renaissance Quarterly, 64 (1991), 213-56

E. Clark, 鈥楽ocial Welfare and Mutual Aid in the Medieval Countryside鈥�, Journal of British Studies, 33 (1994), 381-406

B.L. Grigsby, Pestilence in Medieval and Early Modern English Literature (New York, 2004)

T.S. Miller and R. Smith-Savage, 鈥楳edieval Leprosy Reconsidered鈥�, International Social Science Review, spring-summer 2006

C. Rawcliffe, Leprosy in Medieval England (London, 2006)

F-O. Touati, 鈥楥ontagion and Leprosy: Myth, Ideas and Evolution in Medieval Minds and Societies鈥�, in L.I. Conrad and D. Wujastyk (eds), Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-modern Societies (Aldershot, 2000), pp. 179-201

Race and Slavery

B. Braude, 鈥楾he Sons of Noah and the Construction of Ethnic and Geographical Identities in the Medieval and Early Modern Periods鈥�, William and Mary Quarterly, 54 (1997), 103-42 (and others in this volume)

T.F. Earle and K.F.P. Lowe (eds), Black Africans in Renaissance Europe (Cambridge, 2005)

S.A. Epstein, 鈥楽laves in Italy, 1350-1550鈥�, in Milner (ed), At the Margins, pp. 219-35

T.G. Hahn, 鈥楾he Difference the Middle Ages Makes: Colour and Race before the Modern World鈥�, Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 31 (2001), 1-37

R. Hellie, 鈥楻ecent Soviet Historiography on Medieval and Early Modern Russian Slavery鈥�, Russian Review, 35 (1976), 1-32

K. Lowe, 鈥樷�淩epresenting鈥� Africa: Ambassadors and Princes from Christian Africa to Renaissance Italy and Portugal, 1402-1608鈥�, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 17 (2007), 101-28

A.J. Russell-Wood, 鈥業berian Expansion and the Issue of Black Slavery: Changing Portuguese Attitudes, 1440-1770鈥�, American Historical Review, 83 (1978), 16-42