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DTSTART:19960101T000000 END:STANDARD BEGIN:STANDARD TZNAME:GMT TZOFFSETFROM:+0100 TZOFFSETTO:+0000 DTSTART:19961027T020000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=10;BYDAY=-1SU END:STANDARD END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20260505T020831Z DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20230628T150000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20230628T170000 SUMMARY:WMA seminar - Eylem Ă–zaltun TZID:Europe/London UID:20230628-8a1785d78895e6400188d5afd90324ca@warwick.ac.uk CREATED:20230624T123027Z DESCRIPTION:We will be hearing from Eylem Ă–zaltun on her paper entitled\, 'Paralogisms revisited: transcendental object as arbitrary object' Abst ract: I start by registering that Kant’s concern in the passages where h e talks about I think is the possibility of objective thought and ration al discourse. Hence any account of Kant’s I think must first and foremos t make its role in establishing this possibility intelligible. The main claim of my paper is that any account of I think according to which “I” refers to an individual cannot meet this adequacy criterion. I show this by investigating a curios expression Kant uses\, namely\, “=X”. This ex pression appears in B404: “Through this I\, or He\, or It (the thing)\, which thinks\, nothing further is represented than a transcendental subj ect of thoughts = X”. I argue that “=X” is Kant’s device for emphasizing the indeterminacy of a certain representation. It is a specific kind of indeterminacy which makes this indeterminate representation suitable fo r figuring in deductive inferences like universal instantiation and univ ersal generalization. “=X” is a vehicle for generality for Kant. I furth er argue that Kant models the vehicles of generality he employs in his m etaphysics on the use of such devices in ordinary mathematical discourse . Namely\, he models his notion of the transcendental on the notion of t he arbitrary in mathematics. I take it that when Kant uses “transcendent al” to modify “object” or “subject” he uses it as synonymous with “arbit rary” as in “Let X be an arbitrary triangle”. How do arbitrary objects w ork as a vehicle of generality in ordinary mathematical discourse? In or der to answer this question in a way that will help us to interpret Kant \, we need a study of the discourse as a study of natural language of ma thematics. After all Kant did not look at mathematics via the post-Frege an logical reconstructions of its reasonings. Now if there are some sign ificant mismatches between such reconstructions and the ordinary practic e\, we cannot use the former to see what Kant saw in mathematical reason ing. What we need is a study of how mathematicians use arbitrary objects as a vehicle of generality without explicit quantification. I find what we need in Kit Fine’s work: in his account of arbitrary objects as vari able objects constructed by Locke-Cantor abstraction. I show that Locke- Cantor conception of abstraction is the best model for how Kant abstract s to get to the arbitrary objects of his metaphysics\, namely\, the tran scendental object and transcendental subject. Being abstract objects\, t hey are logically distinct type of objects than the individual objects t hat fall in their range. (For example\, an arbitrary integer is not iden tical to any particular integer. Such an identity claim would not only b e false but a category mistake). I argue that Kant appeals to their bein g of logically distinct type to expose the formal mistakes of rational p sychologists in Paralogisms. I show that Kant’s criticism can be summari zed with a slogan: do not confuse a reference to an arbitrary object wit h a reference to an individual object in its range! Then I argue that th inking that the “I” of I think refers to an individual is just this conf usion. Finally\, I show that the same confusion would result in reductio n of Kant’s account of recognition of others as rational beings to an ar gument from analogy. LOCATION:S0.17 CATEGORIES:ĚÇĐÄTV Mind & Action,WMA Research Centre,Seminar LAST-MODIFIED:20230624T123027Z ORGANIZER;CN=Hemdat Lerman: END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR