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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20260622T185411Z
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190606T130000
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190606T140000
SUMMARY:Theory Seminar: Amin Doostmohammadi (Oxford)\, Active Thin Struct
 ures
TZID:Europe/London
UID:20190606-8a1785d76a97a19e016aa1053a1a695d@warwick.ac.uk
CREATED:20190602T093900Z
DESCRIPTION:Monolayers of cells in tissue and bacterial colonies growing 
 on substrates are ample examples of materials that are continuously driv
 en out of equilibrium by the activity of their constituent elements. One
  generic property of these active materials is the spontaneous emergence
  of collective flows which often leads to chaotic flow patterns characte
 rised by swirls\, jets\, and topological defects in their orientation fi
 eld [1\,2\,3]. In this talk I will discuss recent works on cell monolaye
 rs and growing bacterial colonies\, where we find interesting correlatio
 ns between liquid crystal-like features of these active systems and thei
 r biological functionality. I will explain our recent finding on the rol
 e of topological defects in regulating the morphology of growing cell co
 lonies [2] and represent evidence on spontaneous formation of singularit
 ies in cellu- lar alignment in the form of nematic topological defects\,
  as a previously unidentified cause of cell apoptosis and extrusion\, su
 ggesting that such defects govern cell fate in epithelial tissues [3]. I
 n ad- dition\, I will use theory of active liquid crystals to explain ho
 w motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria leads to a slower invasion
  of bacteria colonies\, which are individually faster. Moreover\, the ab
 ility to achieve structured flows and ordered disclinations is of partic
 ular importance in the design and control of active systems [4]. By conf
 ining an active nematic fluid within a channel\, we find a regular motio
 n of disclinations\, in conjunction with a well defined and dynamic flow
  structure. As pairs of moving disclinations travel through the channel\
 , they continually exchange partners producing a dynamic ordered state\,
  reminiscent of Ceilidh dancing [5]. I will show that this state is an i
 ntermediate state governing the transition to meso-scale turbulence in l
 iving fluids and that the transition belongs to the directed percolation
  universality class [6]. [1] A. Doostmohammadi\, et al.\, Active nematic
 s. Nature Communications\, 9:3246\, 2018. [2] A. Doostmohammadi\, S. Tha
 mpi\, J. M. Yeomans\, Defect-mediated morphologies in growing cell colon
 ies. Physical Review Letters\, 117: 048102\, 2016. [3] T. B. Saw\, A. Do
 ostmohammadi\, et al.\, Topological defects in epithelia govern cell dea
 th and extrusion. Nature\, 544.7649: 212-216\, 2017. [4] A. Doostmohamma
 di\, M. F. Adamer\, S. P. Thampi\, J. M. Yeomans\, Stabilization of acti
 ve matter by flow-vortex lattices and defect ordering. Nature Communicat
 ions\, 7:10557\, 2016. [5] T. N. Shendruk\, A. Doostmohammadi\, K. Thijs
 sen\, J. M. Yeomans\, Dancing disclinations in confined active nematics.
  Soft Matter\, doi:10.1039/C6SM02310J\, 2017. [6] A. Doostmohammadi\, et
  al.\, Onset of meso-scale turbulence in active nematics\, Nature Com- m
 unications 8:15326\, 2017.
LOCATION:PS1.28
CATEGORIES:Theory Seminar
LAST-MODIFIED:20190602T093900Z
ORGANIZER;CN=Gareth Alexander:
END:VEVENT
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