糖心TV

Okinaka Y, Maeda M, Kataoka Y, Nakagomi T, Doi A, Boltze J, Claussen C, Gul S, Taguchi A

Intravascularly transplanted bone marrow cells, including bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) and mesenchymal stem cells, transfer water-soluble molecules to cerebral endothelial cells via gap junctions. Following transplantation of BM-MNC, this fosters hippocampal neurogenesis and enhancement of neuronal function. Herein, we report the impact of transplanted BM-MNC on neural stem cells (NSC) in the brain. Surprisingly, direct transfer of water-soluble molecules from transplanted BM-MNC and peripheral mononuclear cells to NSC in the hippocampus was observed already 10 minutes after cell transplantation, and transfer from BM-MNC to GFAP-positive cortical astrocytes was also observed. In-vitro investigations revealed that BM-MNC abolish the expression of HIF1伪 in astrocytes. We suggest that the transient and direct transfer of water-soluble molecules between cells in circulation and NSC in the brain may be one of the biological mechanisms underlying repair of brain function.

Behzad Dehghani, Christopher D. A. Rodrigues

During spore development in bacteria, a polar septum separates two transcriptionally distinct cellular compartments, the mother cell and the forespore. The conserved serine phosphatase SpoIIE is known for its critical role in the formation of this septum and activation of compartment-specific transcription in the forespore. Signaling between the mother cell and forespore then leads to activation of mother cell transcription and a phagocytic-like process called engulfment, which involves dramatic remodeling of the septum and requires a balance between peptidoglycan synthesis and hydrolysis to ensure septal stability and compartmentalization. Using Bacillus subtilis, we identify an additional role for SpoIIE in maintaining septal stability and compartmentalization at the onset of engulfment. Our data support a model whereby SpoIIE and its interactions with the peptidoglycan synthetic machinery contribute to the stabilization of the asymmetric septum early in engulfment, thereby ensuring compartmentalization during spore development.

Eleanor L. Dearlove, David Chandler, Steve Edgington, Shaun D. Berry, Gareth Martin, Claus Svendsen & Helen Hesketh

Management of T. vaporariorum is problematic because of widespread pesticide resistance, and many greenhouse growers rely on biological control agents to regulate T. vaporariorum populations. However, these are often slow and vary in efficacy, leading to subsequent application of chemical insecticides when pest populations exceed threshold levels. In this study, we evaluated co-applications of the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana and Cordyceps farinosa and the chemical insecticide spiromesifen in laboratory bioassays. Results indicate the potential for combined applications of EPF and spiromesifen as an effective integrated pest management strategy and demonstrate the applicability of the MixTox model to describe complex mixture interactions.

Michelle Kendall, Luca Ferretti, Chris Wymant, Daphne Tsallis, James Petrie, Andrea di Francia, Franceso di Lauro, Lucie Abeler-Dorner, Harrison Manley, Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths, Alice Ledda, Xavier Didelot and Christophe Fraser

Understanding the drivers of respiratory pathogen spread is challenging, particularly in a timely manner during an ongoing epidemic. Here we present insights obtained using daily data from the NHS COVID-19 app for England and Wales and shared with health authorities in almost real time. Our indicator of the reproduction number R(t) was available days earlier than other estimates, with a novel capability to decompose R(t) into contact rates and probabilities of infection. When Omicron arrived, the main epidemic driver switched from contacts to transmissibility. We separate contacts and transmissions by day of exposure and setting, finding pronounced variability over days of the week and during Christmas holidays and events. As an example, during the Euro football tournament in 2021, days with England matches showed sharp spikes in exposures and transmissibility. Digital contact tracing technologies can help control epidemics not only by directly preventing transmissions but also by enabling rapid analysis at scale and with unprecedented resolution.  

Tailise Carolina de Souza-Guerreiro, Let铆cia Huan Bacellar, Thyerre Santana da Costa, Conor LA Edwards, Ljubica Tasic & Munehiro Asally

Membrane potential is a useful marker for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) due to the fundamental characteristic of vital cells. However, the difficulties associated with measuring the membrane potential in microbes restrict its broad application. In this study, we present Bioelectrical AST (BeAST) using the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The results suggest that BeAST holds promise for screening anti-fungal compounds, offering a valuable approach to tackling antimicrobial resistance.

When should lockdown be implemented? Devising cost-effective strategies for managing epidemics amid vaccine uncertainty