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Tatjana Popovi膰 Milovanovi膰, Shannon F. Greer, Renata Ili膷i膰, Aleksandra Jelu拧i膰, Daisy Bown, Murray Grant, Joana G. Vicente, David J. Studholme

This Technical Resource presents genome sequence data for three strains of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria (Xeu) collected in Serbia. We isolated these strains from pepper crops showing bacterial spot symptoms in 2016 at the municipality of Irig, in the Srem district. The presented data comprise raw sequencing reads and annotated, contig-level genome assemblies. We checked for the presence of sequences of known type-3 secretion system (T3SS) effector genes and plasmid-like sequences. Phylogenomic reconstruction revealed that the three strains fell in the same clade within Xeu. Strain X13 is most closely related to strain 66b, collected in Bulgaria in 2012. Strains X22 and X31 are most closely related to Tu-10 collected in the Southeastern Anatolia region of T眉rkiye in 2020. In common with other members of the clade, all three strains share a 75 kb plasmid that carries T3SS effector genes avrBs3, xopBA, xopAQ and xopE. Additionally, strain X13 shares extensive sequence similarity to the pXCV183 plasmid, including T3SS effector gene xopAX, and shares extensive sequence similarity with plasmid pXap41, including T3SS effector gene xopE3. This difference in plasmid content might contribute to the observed difference in virulence among the Serbian Xeu strains. The three Serbian strains lack a 31 kb plasmid, pLMG730.4, that is seen in several Vietnamese and Canadian strains within this clade of Xeu. The data presented will be a useful resource for future molecular epidemiology and genomic surveillance of this pathogen in the Balkan region, augmenting the previously available draft genome sequences of Xeu strains 66b (Bulgaria) and 83M (North Macedonia).

Vid Kava拧, Carlos Contreras-Martel, Stane Pajk, Damijan Knez, Alexandre Martins, Thomas A. Gould, David I. Roper, Irena Zdovc, Andr茅a Dessen, Martina Hrast Rambaher, Stanislav Gobec

Monobactams, a subclass of 尾-lactam antibiotics with a monocyclic scaffold, are uniquely resistant to hydrolysis by metallo-尾-lactamases, providing a distinct therapeutic advantage. Here, we report an in silico-based structure–activity relationship (SAR) investigation of aztreonam-related monobactams. A focused library of monobactam derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and antibacterial activity. Ten compounds, including aztreonam, were crystallized with truncated PBP1b from Streptococcus pneumoniae, used as a model PBP. Potent PBP1b inhibitors were developed, although high enzymatic potency was not always reflected in strong antibacterial activity. Certain derivatives showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus, which is typically resistant to monobactams. 2D similarity search identified potent inhibitors active against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Crystal structures revealed previously unrecognized binding interactions, including a halogen bond with a conserved threonine residue, underscoring the potential of these interactions to support the development of more potent PBP inhibitors.

Jessica Chadwick, Jingyi Shi, Megan L. Purchase, Peng Zhang, Iseult Lynch, Sami Ullah, Deying Wang, Ryan M. Mushinski

Reactive nitrogen losses from agriculture contribute substantially to greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution and ecosystem degradation. Controlled-release fertiliser technologies offer potential solutions, yet few comprehensively evaluate performance across multiple nitrogen loss pathways and soil types. This study evaluated the environmental performance and agronomic efficacy of urea-doped amorphous calcium phosphate (U-ACP) nanoparticles compared to conventional urea across three contrasting soil types (sandy, sandy loam, clay loam) using lettuce (Lactuca sativa) as a model crop. U-ACP nanoparticles (20–100 nm) were synthesised and characterised for dissolution kinetics in simulated soil environments. Controlled glasshouse experiments (8 weeks, 100 kg N ha ^{鈭� 1} application rate) quantified gaseous emissions (ammonia, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide), aqueous leaching losses, soil biochemical properties, plant nitrogen uptake and functional gene abundances for nitrogen cycling processes. U-ACP demonstrated significantly reduced reactive nitrogen losses across all pathways and soil types. Cumulative ammonia volatilisation decreased by 53%–57% in sandy and sandy loam soils compared to conventional urea (p < 0.001), whilst nitrous oxide emissions declined by 19%–27% across all soil types (p < 0.001). Total nitrogen leaching concentrations were 44% lower in sandy soils where losses are typically highest (p < 0.001), with ammonium leaching reduced by 71%–85% across soil types. Cumulative gaseous nitrogen losses decreased by 20%–48% depending on soil type. Despite these substantial reductions in nitrogen losses, U-ACP maintained comparable plant biomass whilst achieving 52%–89% higher nitrogen uptake index across soil types (p < 0.001). U-ACP also supported enhanced soil microbial functionality, with significantly elevated complete ammonia oxidiser (comammox) and alkaline phosphatase (phoD) gene abundances (p < 0.05). Calcium phosphate-based nanocomposite fertilisers offer a viable pathway towards sustainable intensification of agriculture by simultaneously reducing environmental nitrogen pollution whilst maintaining or improving crop productivity across diverse soil conditions.

Ling Cai, Yan Li, Chong Wang, Tim Magnus, Chengye Yao, Xiaoming Hu, Ann M. Stowe, Anna Rosell, Sunghee Cho, Stuart M. Allan, Jieqing Wan, Yulong Ma, Yang Liu, Daniel I. Sessler, Johannes Boltze, Tianlong Wang, Weifeng Yu, Yueman Zhang, Peiying Li,

Ischemic stroke is a major global health burden, leading to considerable mortality and long-term disability. Endovascular thrombectomy and mechanical recanalization have revolutionized acute stroke care. Nonetheless, many patients experience poor long-term neurological outcomes, which are often attributed to the no-reflow phenomenon and activation of inflammatory cascades. The perioperative period of endovascular thrombectomy, managed under either general anesthesia or conscious sedation, represents a critical window where anesthetic strategies may influence recovery through hemodynamic control and possibly immune modulation. This consensus review was generated by an international multidisciplinary expert group and synthesizes preclinical and clinical evidence to evaluate the promise of various immunomodulatory strategies for improving functional outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke following endovascular thrombectomy. Our goal is to provide a foundational reference for future research and development of novel perioperative immune therapies for patients with endovascular thrombectomy.

Jennifer Byrne, Lael Walsh, Robert Lillywhite, Henry Creissen, Antonia dos Santos, Fiona Thorne

An extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used to explore the pathway between the perception of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) by growers and its practical uptake. IPM is an established framework for the management of crop health based on a range of strategic and tactical horticultural techniques. In this research, IPM adoption is quantified through the application of a novel IPM metric. Policy makers need to understand the perception to practice pathway for IPM in order to increase adoption in line with regulatory frameworks. The TAM examines perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) on the attitude and subsequent acceptance of a technology; extended TAM frameworks incorporate additional antecedent variables. In this study, we include the additional latent variables of business features and innovativeness to examine their capacity to predict the adoption of IPM at the farm business level for growers of horticultural crops (n = 100) in the Republic of Ireland, surveyed in 2023. Findings verify the correlation between PU, PEOU and attitude and the effect of PEOU on PU. PU has a stronger association with attitude than PEOU. Neither business features nor innovativeness were significantly related to PU or PEOU, respectively. The hypothetical correlation between attitude and IPM adoption was rejected, demonstrating a divide in the perception to practice trajectory and adding to the literature on the attitude to adoption gap. The findings demonstrate the value of empirical assessment of behavioural data. An implication for IPM policy direction is that grower perception does not always infer future grower adoption. Therefore, a cautionary reliance on perception data during the ex-ante stages of IPM incentivisation development is recommended.

Freya Harrison, Oluwatosin Q. Orababa

The modern antibiotic era began in the early twentieth century, but humans have long used materials from the natural world to attempt to treat the symptoms of infection. In this primer, we will discuss the rationale for attempting to reconstruct historical infection remedies in order to assess their antimicrobial activity and how this approach could aid the discovery of molecular cocktails with potential for development into novel treatments for infection.