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T*
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[(\(2010\))-241.8(do)-234.8(not)-232.7(provi)-8.6(de)-236.6(a)-235.9(theoretic)-11.1(al)-233.7(analysi)-9.9(s)-235.3(nor)-237.6(numerical)-245.2(simulat)-8.7(ions)-234.6(to)-237.6(prove)-240.9(whether)-239.5(the)-240.2(proposed)-238.7(mode)-8.4(l)]TJ
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[(actual)-9.8(ly)-277.4(exhi)-7.6(bits)-282.9(a)-281.4(bistable)-286.6(behavi)-10.9(or.)]TJ
1.0015 -1.2007 TD
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-1.0015 -1.2007 TD
[(models)-8.1(,)-330.4(derived)-343.7(by)-331.6(appl)-7.6(ying)-335.9(mass-act)-10.7(ion)-335.1(kinetics.)-343.9(Indeed,)-340.6(such)-336.1(class)-336.9(of)-333.6(d)-6.5(ynamical)-339.2(system)-9.3(s)-332(can)-335.9(be)-339.1(easily)]TJ
T*
[(tested)-390.4(for)-393.2(structura)-9.7(l)-384.8(multist)-9.7(ability,)-394.1(applying)-394.7(chemical)-397.9(reaction)-394.5(networ)-9.3(k)-387.7(theory)-392.4(\(CRNT\))-391.6(\(Fei)-8.8(nberg,)-389.2(1987,)]TJ
T*
[(1988\).)-364.7(CRNT)-369(is)-358.3(a)-361.1(powe)-8.8(rful)-362.6(theoretic)-11.1(al)-358.9(tool)-361.4(to)-362.8(establ)-9.2(ish)-359.1(whe)-8(ther)-362.4(an)-361.8(assigned)-367.6(reac)-10.4(tion)-361.4(networ)-9.3(k,)-359.6(endowed)]TJ
T*
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T*
[(kinetic)-370(parame)-9.7(ter)-367.3(values.)-365.3(Appl)-9.7(ying)-364.3(CRNT,)-369.4(we)-365.7(were)-371(able)-367.9(to)-362.8(conclud)-11.7(e)-361.1(that)-368.9(both)-364.3(Smidta)-8.9(s)-363.2(and)-368.3(Kulkarni)-10.7(s)]TJ
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0 -1.2007 TD
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T*
[(Subsequ)-7.5(ently,)-273.3(we)-274.7(have)-274.1(also)-270.6(perform)-10.9(ed)-270.8(an)-270.8(analysi)-9.9(s)-269.4(o)0(f)-265.3(the)-274.3(DA,)-271.5(appl)-7.6(ying)-273.3(our)-271.7(method)-274.4(devised)-274.6(in)-271.8(Amato)-277.6(et)-267.8(al.)]TJ
T*
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1.0015 -1.2007 TD
[(This)-308.4(artic)-9.2(le)-307.7(is)-307.1(struct)-9.4(ured)-308.4(as)-311.8(follows:)-317.4(Section)-315.2(2)-302.4(p)-6.5(rovides)-309(a)-309.8(bri)-7(ef)-306.9(overv)-7.6(iew)-306.7(o)-6.5(f)-304.3(the)-308.4(b)-6.5(iochemica)-11.7(l)-305.1(networ)-9.3(k)-308.1(o)0(f)]TJ
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[(the)-268.6(GAL)-266(regulat)-10.7(ory)-266(system.)-271.5(In)-259.6(Se)-8.2(ction)-267.2(3,)-262.9(we)-269(describe)-273.5(the)-262.9(new)-269.8(mathemat)-12.6(ical)-268.2(model)-268(devised)-268.9(to)-266.1(replic)-10(ate)-264.7(the)]TJ
T*
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T*
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0 -1.195 TD
[(obtaine)-8.7(d)-393.4(through)-397(nume)-8.4(rical)-396.2(simul)-8.4(ations.)-400.4(Finally,)-396.3(in)-396.9(Sect)-8.6(ion)-392(6,)-393.8(we)-399.9(discuss)-400.4(the)-393.8(resu)-8(lts)-396(and)-396.7(provide)-398.8(som)-7(e)]TJ
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[(concludi)-9.5(ng)-280.4(remarks.)-285.4(Some)-280.7(addi)-7.6(tional)-282.1(mater)-10(ials,)-279.4(includi)-9.7(ng)-280.4(detailed)-287.2(models)-281.3(and)-282.9(parame)-9.7(ter)-282(values,)-285.6(are)-281(given)]TJ
T*
[(in)-334.3(the)-336.9(Appendi)-8.1(x.)]TJ
/F2 1 Tf
10.959 0 0 10.959 185.4991 165.5433 Tm
[(2.)-501.9(GAL)-328.5(REGULATORY)-330.5(NETWORK)-329.5(IN)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
18.3234 0 TD
[(S.)-330.9(CEREVISI)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.9626 0 0 9.9626 117.5811 141.6189 Tm
[(S.)-240.2(cere)-9.6(visiae)]TJ
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5.315 0 TD
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0 -1.2007 TD
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T*
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T*
[(pathwa)-9.1(y,)-257.2(from)-255.2(galact)-9.8(ose)-255.7(cel)-8.6(lular)-257.8(intern)-8.2(alization)-262.3(to)-254.7(the)-257.2(produc)-8.3(tion)-259(of)-253.9(gluc)-7.6(ose,)-256(and)-260.2(\(ii\))-257.2(a)-258.6(regulatory)-265.4(pathway,)]TJ
T*
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T*
[(et)-336.1(al.,)-336.9(2010\).)]TJ
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0 67.0005 TD
[(BISTAB)-11.7(ILITY)-338.2(ANA)-8.4(LYSIS)-342.1(IN)-336.7(THE)-339.6(GAL)-338.8(NETWO)-10.1(RK)-17757.8(149)]TJ
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[(The)-419.3(regulat)-10.7(ion)-414.8(path)-7.6(way)-417.7(\(Fig)-7(.)-415.8(1)0(\))-418.9(i)0(s)-415.2(made)-419.9(up)-416.9(of)-418.9(the)-422.3(following)-425.1(autoregu)-8.7(lated)-416.9(factor)-9.2(s:)-415.2(a)-418(transcr)-11.1(iption)-7.2(al)]TJ
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[(20)-7.2(02\).)-260.7(Gal4p)-262.7(activa)-9.8(tes)-258.4(transcr)-11.1(iption)-263.2(of)-259.6(genes)]TJ
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(GAL2)Tj
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(GAL7)Tj
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[(,)-256.5(but)-261.1(is)-261.6(unable)-261.3(to)-260.4(activa)-9.8(te)-262.2(the)]TJ
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28.3845 0 TD
(GAL2)Tj
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2.6233 0 TD
[(act)-8.6(s)-235.3(a)0(s)-237.8(a)-241.6(mediator)-242.6(of)-242.5(galactose)]TJ
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T*
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14.5906 0 TD
(GAL)Tj
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2.1283 0 TD
[(genes)-241.9(\()-82.4(Mel)-8.8(cher)-241.9(et)-239.4(al.,)-240.2(2001\).)-239.5(In)-236.8(the)-240.2(pres)-8(ence)-241.7(of)-236.8(gala)-9.4(ctose,)-239.3(instea)-9.2(d,)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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[(and)-317.1(promot)-7.1(es)-311.8(transcr)-11.1(iption)-314.5(of)-310.8(the)]TJ
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[(inhi)-8.6(bits)-334.1(the)-336.9(synthesi)-10.1(s)-332(o)0(f)-333.6(Gal4p)-342.3(through)-340.1(Mig1p-medi)-11(ated)-339.4(repress)-9.6(ion)-335.1(of)]TJ
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28.9877 0 TD
(GAL)Tj
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[(genes)-344.3(\(Klein)-336.5(et)-336.1(al.,)-336.9(1998\).)]TJ
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[(resu)-8(lting)-404.8(from)-397.5(the)-405.2(interact)-10.3(ions)-399.7(of)-401.8(several)-409.3(species)-10.1(,)-398.7(forming)-402.5(multipl)-8.5(e)-400.9(nested)-404.7(loops.)-400.8(Two)-404.4(coupl)-8.4(ed)-401.7(positive)]TJ
T*
[(feed)-8.6(back)-308.2(loops)-309.4(include)-316(the)-308.4(galact)-9.8(ose)-306.9(permea)-9.7(se)-306.1(Gal2p)-313.9(and)-305.7(the)-308.4(sign)-7(aling)-307(prot)-7.8(ein)-308.4(Gal3p,)-308.6(resp)-8(ectively,)-316(and)-305.7(a)]TJ
T*
[(negat)-10.1(ive)-359.7(feed)-8.6(back)-359.4(loop)-364.3(involves)-367.4(the)-359.7(inhibi)-7.2(tor)-359.8(Gal80p.)-366.2(In)-356.3(Ange)-8.8(li)-359.9(et)-358.9(al.)-359.3(\(2004\))-8.5(,)-358.9(i)0(t)-359.9(has)-363.8(been)-359.4(note)-7.6(d)-359.3(that)-363.2(the)]TJ
T*
[(exis)-8.8(tence)-359.1(of)-350.6(a)-355.4(positive-)-8.7(feedback)-362.3(loop,)-359(or)-350.6(a)-355.4(mutually)-361.1(inhibitor)-8.5(y,)-348.3(dou)-8(ble-negative-)-12.2(feed)-8.6(back)-353.7(loop,)-359(is)-352.6(a)-349.7(nec-)]TJ
T*
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T*
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T*
[(conce)-9.2(ntrations)-8.7(,)-484.1(they)-485.6(reac)-10.4(h)-478.8(ste)-8(ady)-482.1(sta)-8(tes,)-486.4(independe)-9.3(ntly)-486.6(of)-481.5(the)-490.5(past)-486.8(history)-486.3(\(abs)-8(ence)-486.4(of)-487.2(memory)-9.7(\).)-481.1(For)]TJ
T*
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[(genes)-253.3(\(persisten)-11.7(t)-236.8(memo)-11.9(ry\).)-239.9(Signa)-7.6(l)-242.5(transduc)-9.9(er)-244.3(Gal3p)-245.6(was)-248.2(iden)-7.6(tied)-243.7(as)-243.5(the)-245.8(mos)-7(t)-242.5(responsi)-9.3(ble)-245.8(in)-243.3(the)-245.8(generation)]TJ
T*
[(of)-282.3(two)-282.1(stable)-282.3(expre)-9.4(ssion)-282.1(states)-283.5(depend)-8.2(ing)-278.2(on)-280.4(the)-280(previous)-287(galact)-9.8(ose)-278.4(consum)-11.1(ption)-282.5(states.)-283.9(The)-282.7(other)-283.5(positive)]TJ
T*
[(feed)-8.6(back)-427.7(loop)-432.6(mediated)-435.9(by)-422.6(the)-427.9(Gal2p)-433.4(is)-426.6(only)-426.9(able)-430.5(to)-431.1(increase)-434.6(the)-427.9(difference)-438.9(among)-430.2(the)-427.9(two)-430.1(levels)-430.3(of)]TJ
0 -1.195 TD
[(expre)-9.4(ssion.)-310.9(A)-306.3(highe)-8.4(r)-304.3(leve)-9.4(l)-305.1(o)0(f)-310.8(inhibitor)-310.1(Gal80p)-314.7(resu)-8(lts)-304.9(in)-311.6(destabili)-11.3(zation)-309.6(of)-310.8(persistent)-314.1(memor)-8.9(y)-308.1(\(Acar)-311.2(et)-313.4(al.,)]TJ
0 -1.2007 TD
[(20)-7.2(05\).)]TJ
/F2 1 Tf
10.959 0 0 10.959 135.3259 368.7873 Tm
[(3.)-501.9(MATHEMA)5.9(TICAL)-333.8(MODEL)-329.5(OF)-332.8(THE)-333.9(GAL)-333.7(REGULATOR)6.8(Y)]TJ
7.139 -1.0915 TD
[(NETWORK)-329.5(IN)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
7.0924 0 TD
[(S.)-336.1(CEREVISI)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
9.9626 0 0 9.9626 84.0755 332.9007 Tm
.0122 Tc
[(To)-489.3(ev)5.7(aluate)-491.1(the)-485.4(dynamics)-490.5(of)-485.6(th)5.7(e)-491.1(G)1.8(AL)-489.1(regu)5.7(lato)5.7(ry)-489.3(p)5.7(a)]TJ
23.0923 0 TD
[(thway)-489.3(f)3.8(ro)5.7(m)-492.9(e)4(xtern)5.7(a)-1.7(l)-486.4(g)0(alactose)-485.4(uptake)-485.4(to)-483.6(its)]TJ
-24.0938 -1.195 TD
.0126 Tc
[(downstr)4.2(eam)-492.5(elemen)6.1(ts)5(,)-494.2(s)-.7(ev)6.1(er)4.2(al)-497.4(mod)6.1(e)-1.3(ls)-495.8(hav)6.1(e)-496.4(alre)]TJ
20.7819 0 TD
.012 Tc
[(ady)-495.2(b)5.5(een)-495.2(p)5.5(r)-2.1(opo)5.5(sed)-495.2(i)2.8(n)-495.2(t)2.8(he)-497(literatu)5.5(r)-2.1(e,)-494.8(in)5.5(cluding)-495.2(both)]TJ
ET
q
288.933 0 0 223.994 216.057 70.356 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
/F2 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 74.0976 239.5275 Tm
0 Tc
[(FIG.)-271.5(1.)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
4.053 0 TD
[(Schematic)-274.7(diagram)-270.8(of)-273.5(the)]TJ
-4.053 -1.2267 TD
[(GAL)-599.3(regulatory)-601.2(network)-597(in)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
12.6269 0 TD
(Sac-)Tj
-12.6269 -1.2203 TD
[(charomyces)-1091.7(cerevisi)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
9.6614 0 TD
[(.)-1090.5(External)]TJ
-9.6614 -1.2203 TD
[(galactose)-621.5(is)-611.2(internalized)-623.2(into)-613.1(the)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(cell,)-557.6(then)-554.6(it)-557.2(shuttles)-556.7(between)-554.9(the)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(cytoplasm)-689.8(and)-677.5(the)-687.8(nucleus.)-679.8(The)]TJ
T*
[(signal)-539.8(transducer)-537.6(Gal3p)-538.4(in)-534.2(galac-)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(tose)-473.6(bound-stage)-468.9(is)-472.1(highlighted)-468.4(to)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(differentiate)-324.4(it)-323.2(from)-322.9(unbound)-319.1(form.)]TJ
T*
[(The)-538.2(pointed)-531.8(arrows)-540.3(indicate)-533.9(acti-)]TJ
T*
[(vation,)-592.2(whereas)-592.6(the)-586.7(blunt)-587.3(arrows)]TJ
0 -1.2267 TD
[(indicate)-337.9(inhibition.)]TJ
/F2 1 Tf
9.9626 0 0 9.9626 74.0976 737.4045 Tm
[(15)-7.2(0)]TJ
33.5629 0 TD
[(COSENTI)-9.5(NO)-339(ET)-335.3(AL.)]TJ
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