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Examples are taken mainly from Devon and mostly from the period approximately 1600 to 1850. By law, from the late sixteenth century, the parishioners were obliged to pay poor and church rates as necessary in order to assist their own resident poor, maintain the church and, until 1700, assist travellers. Charity was regarded as a component of Christian moral duty. The beneficence of those in a position to give may be divided into three kinds: the provision of material goods from objects to buildings; donated funds, or property whose rents provided income, with the money used mainly for the benefit of the poor, often for food or clothing; for the education of young parishioners, especially encouraged after 1698. Those gentry or merchants with sufficient wealth might give during their lifetimes, but more people of varying means and status gave of their time during life and later through bequests in their wills. A few may have acted ostentatiously, but probably all gave mainly out of altruism. Today, where the evidence survives, the name of the benefactor may continue in conjunction with the building or object. In other cases the benevolence is recorded by the parish authorities in parochial documents or appears in the church on some form of memorial plaque or benefaction board for everyone to see. Marion Hardy As a geography teacher, the first historical research was a consequence of gaining a Goldsmiths’ Company’s Teacher’s Travel Award used in 1991. In retirement, part-time research led to a University of Leicester M.A. in English Local History by Independent Supervised Study, with a dissertation on ‘Exe-Dart Devon: Some effects of the Newfoundland trade’. Further part-time study at Exeter University, supervised by Professors Jane Whittle and Henry French, led to the achievement of a PhD in History in late 2017, with a thesis entitled ‘Poor Travellers on the move in Devon 1598-c. 1800.’ Subsequently, I have spoken at two symposia and submitted two articles in the hope of achieving publication.  William Sherlock 1692, quoted in B. Waddell, God, Duty and Community in English economic life 1660-1720 (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2012), p.45.  SPCK was founded in 1698 to promote the erection of charity schools.     !"MПУЬй   ( 1 I Q o p x € ƒ З й у щ Т У ] ^ b — œ Ѓ Ћ Л   & ' ( ) . B … Œ ­ б   M S _ h Н mv}~JKwїыїфрфрфрфмрмрмрмиририримириридириаиЦиририридидиТиТиТдТдТиОКО­І hћh§'Ќjhћh§'Ќ0JUh№ ѓh/=ЛhЇ_хjhч 0JUhћhvBУhЁtщhФALhч hФALhФALjhZHC0J5Uhч hФAL5?MNУ E ~‹Jс)*,-/0235678їїяяяяуссппппппппппу „аdh`„аgd/=ЛdhgdФAL$a$gdФALJ*7§§§wyГрстшѓќ'()*+-.013478љёљънъљъљъйебЩбЩбЩбЩбХh/=ЛjhА3~UhА3~h§'Ќhћjhћh§'Ќ0JU hћh§'ЌhvBУhћ6 hћhћ,1hА‚. 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