аЯрЁБс>ўџ /1ўџџџ.џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅСU@ №П—bjbjЌ›Ќ› .ЮёЮё—џџџџџџˆdddddddx€€€€ Œx§юЌЌЌЌЌЌЌЌ|~~~~~~$ыR= bЂdмЌЌммЂddЌЌЗмdЌdЌ|м|ddЌ  аўm+Е}Ч€мH4Э0§Ÿ ђ Ÿ xxddddŸ d,Ќ"ЮцњтЌЌЌЂЂxx|ќ xx|ROGER BROWNSWORD (KING’S COLLEGE LONDON)The Ancillary-Care Responsibilities of Researchers: Reasonable But Not Great ExpectationsIt is axiomatic that the first responsibility of researchers, whether they are working in the developed or the developing world, is to do no harm to those who participate in their studies or trials. However, there is little agreement about whether researchers have ancillary-care responsibilities-that is, a responsibility to assist participants who present with medical condition x in circumstances where the research concerns medical condition y, the research not having contributed to the presence of condition x and the having of condition x not contributing to the research. For example, do researchers who are developing a therapy for TB have ancillary-care responsibilities to participants who are HIV-positive? Do researchers who are studying one childhood disease have ancillary-care responsibilities towards children in the family who present with another disease? In this paper, I will argue that in a benchmark community of rights, agents would be treated as having prima facie positive obligations to one another where a four-stage test (relating to placement, capacity, proportionality and free-riding) is satisfied. Where an agent has such a prima facie responsibility, it will only be if the agent is faced with overriding rights and responsibilities that non-performance of the prima facie obligation will be excused. Applying this analysis, I will argue that where research trials are conducted in developing countries, researchers and their sponsors have a range of prima facie ancillary-care responsibilities to those who participate in their trials and studies. However, there are likely to be difficult questions relating to the competing demands made on researchers (with limited resources), demands that need to be carefully assessed and arbitrated. I will suggest that, whilst test-case litigation might help in raising awareness concerning ancillary care, the courts are not particularly well-equipped to develop ancillary-care packages that make sense both as a matter of developed world ethical principle and developing world practice.  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