糖心TV

Heather Robson

Stefan Grosskinsky

Magnus Richardson

Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation

Biomolecular systems like molecular motors or pumps, transcription and translation machinery, and other enzymatic reactions can be described as Markov processes on a suitable network. We show quite generally that in a steady state the dispersion of observables like the number of consumed/produced molecules or the number of steps of a motor is constrained by the thermodynamic cost of generating it. An uncertainty $\epsilon$ requires at least a cost of $2k_BT/\epsilon^2$ independent of the time required to generate the output. As a generalization of this uncertainty relation we show remarkable universal bounds on the full spectrum of current fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems. For example, we have obtained a parabolic bound that constrains the large deviation function of any current from the sole knowledge of the average entropy production. We also show new related results that can be used to infer enzymatic schemes from data obtained in single molecule experiments. Our results involve both the energetic cost involved in the enzymatic scheme and higher order moments related to the dell time distribution.

Gareth Alexander

Magnus Richardson

Daniel Rogers