糖心TV Complexity Science Events
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Complexity Forum: "Metropolis Public Transport: network harness, resilience against failure and attack, and simulations"
TITLE: Metropolis Public Transport: network harness, resilience against
failure and attack, and simulations
SPEAKER: Christian von Ferber (Coventry)
ABSTRACT:
A recent survey of public transport networks (PTNs) of selected 14 major cities of the world with PTN sizes ranging between 2000 and 46000 stations has revealed a number of distinguishing properties of such networks at scales much larger than previously studied. Neighbourhood relations both for the routes and the stations define a set of interrelated graphs (networks) that allow to identify and analyse various network characteristics which prove useful in the classification of these networks. Both small world and scale-free behaviour are observed. However, the PTNs of individual cities vary considerably in the expression of these properties.
A most striking behaviour in these networks is that often several routes proceed in parallel for a sequence of stations. Other networks with real-world links like cables or neurons embedded in two or three dimensions often show the same feature which we term "harness" as in car wiring. Geographical data for the routes reveal surprising self-avoiding walk (SAW) properties. Based on these observations we propose and simulate an evolutionary growth model of interacting self-avoiding walks that reproduces many of the key features.
Further analysis focuses on the resilience of these networks against failure or targeted attack measuring the effects that defunct or removed nodes have on the properties of PTNs. Simulating different attack strategies we elaborate vulnerability criteria that lead to minimal strategies with high impact on these systems.