ࡱ> HJG bjbj .& 431t(((0000000$2Y5R0(q(^(((0i0,,,(~0,(0,,//NaLM*/01031/,5*5/5/((,(((((00,L(((31((((5((((((((( :  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  Flow-chart for Passive grammar decisions Passives are a Mood or Voice (not unlike the subjunctive) ie they do not change what is done or said, just how it is presented. The perspective is shifted to that of the verbs target (originally the direct, indirect, prepositional object). The Passive uses werden + past participle. The tense or time-frame of the active statement is preserved in the tense chosen for werden. In compound tenses werden takes sein and has the special past participle worden. -becomes nominative subject of passive - X Remember the alternative options especially where the compound tense forms (or subordinate clause word order) make it cumbersome, or in very formal registers, or in spoken German. If a modal auxiliary verb is involved, it needs an infinitive. Use stable passive infinitive pattern eg gesehen werden - the tense is indicated by the form of the modal auxiliary verb. If you need to include the agent (but superfluous in a passive?), use von for the doer (by), durch for the means or intermediary (through). What is the case acc of the active dat verbs object? + preposition -stays in the dative; impersonal es is implied subject of passive -retains preposition + case; impersonal es implied subject Should I use sein? Is it about a state? - Zustandspassiv focus on result of action, not on the process. Past participle is effectively an adjective. What is a subjectless passive? Passives are a Mood or Voice (not unlike the subjunctive) ie they do not change what is done or said, just how it is presented. The perspective is shifted to that of the verbs target (originally the direct, indirect, prepositional object). The Passive uses werden + past participle. The tense or time-frame of the active statement is preserved in the tense chosen for werden. In compound tenses werden takes sein and has the special past participle worden. -becomes nominative subject of passive - X Remember the alternative options especially where the compound tense forms (or subordinate clause word order) make it cumbersome, or in very formal registers, or in spoken German. If a modal auxiliary verb is involved, it needs an infinitive. Use stable passive infinitive pattern eg gesehen werden - the tense is indicated by the form of the modal auxiliary verb. If you need to include the agent (but superfluous in a passive?), use von for the doer, durch for the means or intermediary. What is the case acc of the active dat verbs object? + preposition -stays in the dative; impersonal es is implied subject of passive -retains preposition + case; impersonal es implied subject Should I use sein? Is it about a state? - Zustandspassiv focus on result of action, not on the process. Past participle is effectively an adjective. 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