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to a Bodyline \021)278( )40(eld placement immediately after )37( )]TJ 0 Tw 28.373 0 Td [( )278(W)86(oodfull )]TJ -0.0871 Tw -28.373 -1.3 Td [(was )74(\217struck over the heart\220,)37( which infuriated the )37(Australian spectators.)37( )37(T)67(rying )]TJ 0.0248 Tw T* [(to placate an enraged public,)37( the )37(Australian cricket authorities cabled their )]TJ 0.0118 Tw T* (English counterparts and decried the tactics as unsportsmanlike \205 the\ grav4)Tj 0.0389 Tw T* (est charge one could level in the world of imperial sport \205 and threa\ tening )Tj -0.0494 Tw T* [(to the heretofore good relations between dominion and mother country)92(.)37( )37(The )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.0021 Tw T* [(English,)37( seeing little choice but to defend their captain and team,)37( refused to )]TJ 0 Tc -0.0143 Tw T* [(accept the charge of unsportsmanlike behaviour and,)37( in return,)37( levelled per)55(4)]TJ 0.0601 Tw T* [(haps the second gravest charge possible at the )37(Australians: they compared )]TJ 0.1033 Tw T* [(the )37(Australians to women. )]TJ 0 Tw 11.662 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 170.619 286.4692 Tm (*)Tj 10 0 0 10 173.955 283.2692 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.1033 Tc 0 0 TD ( )Tj 0 Tc 0.381 0 Td ( )Tj 0.1033 Tw T* [(Larwood,)37( the English bowler at the centre of )]TJ 0.033 Tw -12.377 -1.3 Td [(the controversy)92(,)37( argued,)37( )74(\217If certain critics had not made such an effeminate )]TJ 0.061 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(outcry about it during and after the third )37(T)86(est the whole bother would be )]TJ 0.0086 Tw T* [(too childishly ludicrous to merit further consideration by grown4up men.\ )74(\220 )]TJ 0 Tw 31.733 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 371.328 247.4692 Tm (1-)Tj 10 0 0 10 378 244.2691 Tm [( )278( )278( )]TJ 0.0006 Tw -32.4 -1.3 Td (In a line of argument that was typical of the general English tone of re\ port4)Tj 0.0171 Tw T* [(ing,)37( one columnist asked: )74(\217W)86(ould they have us believe that the manly game )]TJ 0.0959 Tw T* [(of cricket must,)37( to suit their taste,)37( be mutilated to be \021)279( )96(t for eunuchs,)37( not )]TJ 0 Tw T* [(men{\220 )278( )]TJ 6 0 0 6 79.5396 195.4692 Tm (11)Tj 10 0 0 10 86.2116 192.2692 Tm [( )278( )278( )278( )278( )]TJ -2.221 -1.3 Td [( )278( )278( )278( )278( )]TJ 0.0501 Tw 0 0 TD (While the English tour of the southern dominion would conclude under )Tj 0.0713 Tw -1 -1.3 Td [(an uneasy truce,)37( English commentators continued to insist that the tactics )]TJ 0.0616 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(were fair and sporting.)37( )37(A change of heart would come about only when a )]TJ -0.0358 Tw T* [(W)74(est Indian cricket team came to the British Isles in the northern summer\ of )]TJ 0.0598 Tw T* [(1*88 and employed these same tactics against the English at home,)37( where )]TJ -0.0563 Tw T* [(they could witness them for themselves.)37( Even the watered4down )37(W)74(est Indian )]TJ 0.0212 Tw T* [(version of Bodyline,)37( rendered much less intimidating by the heavier atmos4)]TJ 0.0189 Tw T* [(phere and damper wickets of England,)37( which lessened the danger posed by )]TJ 0.0493 Tw T* (fast bowlers )Tj 0 Tw 5.599 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0493 Tw 0 0 TD [(Learie Constantine and E.)37( )37(A.)37( Martindale,)37( was enough to lead )]TJ 0.088 Tw -5.599 -1.3 Td [(to the banning of the practice,)37( although not an apology)92(,)37( by the English. )]TJ 0 Tw 31.733 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 371.328 65.4691 Tm (1')Tj 10 0 0 10 378 62.2691 Tm [( )278( )278( )278( )278( )278( )278( )]TJ ET /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 0 0 1 109.5404968 29.7997742 cm /GS1 gs /Fm0 Do Q EMC endstream endobj 76 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 464 >> stream xTN0)\PElrb9zѦ@Y\+ BAjFS潙 "Tb1=.x< m/ d\7g7j1{5T6ƪ;P|y>7Ruʩ<\>uڊ{h~V͏6Uͥ`:Զa#S@P/d(QEOÇdUm1tO endstream endobj 77 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [63.81 15.849609 175.332 23.774414] /Border [0 0 0] /A 159 0 R >> endobj 78 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [178.5 15.849609 318.048 23.774414] /Border [0 0 0] /A 160 0 R >> endobj 79 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [69.804 23.774414 162.582 31.699219] /Border [0 0 0] /A 161 0 R >> endobj 80 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 10 >> stream x+| endstream endobj 81 0 obj << /Length 5706 >> stream q 1 0 0 1 0.5 1 cm -5.5 0 431 646 re W n 1 0 0 1 -0.5 -1 cm BT /GS0 gs /T1_0 1 Tf 0.1 Tc 9 0 0 9 166.177 608.2672 Tm [(&\027$\032\033\026@ <.)37( \030\004\034\036"\033$$)]TJ 0 Tc -12.479 -63.559 Td (+7)Tj 0.0871 Tw 10 0 0 10 53.866 582.2693 Tm (The controversy is important for historians because it produced volumin4\ )Tj -0.0265 Tw 0 -1.3 TD (ous commentary that strayed from the technicalities and clich\351s of ev\ eryday )Tj 0.0514 Tw T* (cricket reporting and instead revealed why the game was important to the\ )Tj -0.0228 Tw T* [(societies that played it.)37( In this commentary)92(,)37( we see that the game was a vital )]TJ 0.0876 Tw T* [(way in which hierarchies of gender)111(,)37( race and nationality were maintained )]TJ 0.0501 Tw T* (and/or challenged and national visions of true manhood could be promul4)Tj 0.0177 Tw T* [(gated.)37( Race,)37( gender and class all contributed to the importance attached to )]TJ -0.0022 Tw T* [(this contest and for men in the empire \205 )37(W)74(est Indian,)37( Briton and )37(Australian )]TJ 0.0174 Tw T* [(alike \205 defending their de\021)278( )17(nition of cricket became equated with defending )]TJ 0.0294 Tw T* [(their very manhood,)37( especially as the hold of the Great Depression seemed )]TJ 0 Tw T* [(to squeeze ever tighter and national morale was low)92(. )278( )]TJ 6 0 0 6 280.194 455.4692 Tm (18)Tj 10 0 0 10 286.866 452.2692 Tm [( )278( )278( )]TJ -22.3 -1.3 Td ( )Tj 0.1103 Tw 0 0 TD [(For imperial Britain,)37( cricket was more than just a gameX it was a code )]TJ 0.0601 Tw -1 -1.3 Td (of conduct and the expression of a British and imperial sense of right a\ nd )Tj 0.0749 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(wrong.)37( )37(The common usage of the phrase that something was )74(\217not cricket\220 )]TJ 0.0114 Tw T* [(meant simply and succinctly that it was not morally right.)37( It was a game in )]TJ 0.0336 Tw T* [(which how one played mattered more than the outcome.)37( In a letter to )]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tw 30.733 0 Td (The )Tj -30.733 -1.3 Td [(T)19(imes)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf ( )Tj 0.0549 Tw 2.592 0 Td [( about the kerfuf\020)278( )55(e,)37( the author )37( )]TJ 0 Tw 13.869 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0549 Tw 0 0 TD [(A.)37( )37(A.)37( Milne called for calm heads to )]TJ 0.068 Tw -16.461 -1.3 Td [(consider the English tactics since the )74(\217bitter feeling already aroused by the )]TJ 0.0756 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(colour of Mr)111(.)37( Jardine\220)74( )]TJ 0 Tw 9.564 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0756 Tw 0 0 TD [(s cap has been so intensi\021)278( )76(ed by the direction of Mr)111(.)37( )]TJ 0 Tw -9.564 -1.3 Td [(Larwood\220)74( )278( )]TJ 0.1628 Tw 4.15 0 Td (s bowling as to impair friendly relations between England )Tj 0 Tw 26.638 0 Td [( )278(and )]TJ -30.788 -1.3 Td [(Australia\220. )278( )]TJ 6 0 0 6 98.866 325.4692 Tm (17)Tj 10 0 0 10 105.538 322.2692 Tm [( )278( )]TJ -0.0131 Tw T* [( )37(A letter to the editor of the )]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 12.024 0 Td [(Morning P)74(ost)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tw ( )Tj -0.0131 Tw 5.859 0 Td ( stated that regardless )Tj 0.0142 Tw -23.05 -1.3 Td (of whether the English are right or wrong about the appropriateness of t\ he )Tj 0.0989 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(tactics,)37( )74(\217If one side or another thinks that the tactics of its opponents are \ )]TJ 0.0857 Tw T* [(\215not cricket\216)74( in any sense of the word,)37( that should be quite suf\021)]TJ 0 Tw 28.425 0 Td [( cient )-86(for )]TJ -0.0165 Tw -28.425 -1.3 Td [(those tactics to be dropped.)37( )37(After all,)37( cricket is a game,)37( and while it remains )]TJ 0.0076 Tw T* [(a game it does not matter who wins.)74(\220 )]TJ 0 Tw 15.98 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 213.669 260.4692 Tm (10)Tj 10 0 0 10 220.341 257.2692 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.0076 Tw 0 0 TD [( Even at the time,)37( in the midst of the )]TJ -0.0508 Tw -16.647 -1.3 Td [(matches,)37( the speedy unravelling of so much cricket tradition seemed unintel4)]TJ 0.0226 Tw 0 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this tactic 5the )37(Australian position6 )]TJ 0.0469 Tw T* (or whether it was unmanly to complain about it rather than simply facing\ )Tj 0.03 Tw T* [(it and taking whatever lumps might come one\220)74(s way 5the English and )37(W)74(est )]TJ -0.0236 Tw T* [(Indian position6.)37( )]TJ 0 Tw 7.108 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0236 Tw 0 0 TD ( Larwood wrote that any attempt to curtail Bodyline bowl4)Tj 0.0635 Tw -7.108 -1.3 Td [(ing would )74(\217make of cricket a less manly game.)37( )37(That would be an Imperial )]TJ 0 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(disaster)111(.)74(\220 )278( )]TJ 6 0 0 6 90.3557 65.4691 Tm (1+)Tj 10 0 0 10 97.028 62.2691 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.0253 Tw 0 0 TD [( However)111(,)37( from the perspective of history)92(,)37( it is clear that the true )]TJ ET /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 0 0 1 109.5404968 29.7997742 cm /GS1 gs /Fm0 Do Q EMC endstream endobj 82 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 464 >> stream xTN0)\PElrb9zѦ@Y\+ BAjFS潙 "Tb1=.x< m/ d\7g7j1{5T6ƪ;P|y>7Ruʩ<\>uڊ{h~V͏6Uͥ`:Զa#S@P/d(QEOÇdUm1tO endstream 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which prompted Jardine )]TJ 0.0979 Tw T* [(to acidly observe: )74(\217I see His Highness is a conscientious objector today)92(.)74(\220 )]TJ 0 Tw 31.733 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 371.194 377.4691 Tm ('')Tj 10 0 0 10 377.866 374.2691 Tm [( )278( )278( )]TJ -0.0102 Tw -32.4 -1.3 Td [(Pataudi was dropped despite having hit a century in the \021)278( )-10(rst )37(T)86(est at Sydney)92(,)37( )]TJ 0 Tw T* [(which England won by ten wickets.)37( )]TJ 1 -1.3 Td ( )Tj 0.0509 Tw 0 0 TD [(The )37(Australians,)37( on the other hand,)37( were nearly unanimous in their dis4)]TJ 0.0283 Tw -1 -1.3 Td [(approval.)37( )37(As the tour progressed,)37( the rhetoric surrounding the tactics grew )]TJ 0.0846 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(more and more heated.)37( )]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0.0476 Tw 10.578 0 Td [(The Austr)45(alian W)67(or)12(k)12(er)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tw ( )Tj 0.0846 Tw 10.017 0 Td [(,)37( a Sydney newspaper with )]TJ 0.1602 Tw -20.596 -1.3 Td [(the motto )74(\217)74(An )37(Australian Paper for )37(Australian People\220,)37( declared that the )]TJ -0.0271 Tw T* (\217MCC will either have to denounce the basher gang methods which its t\ eam )Tj 0.0048 Tw T* (has employed or forfeit the esteem in which it is held wherever the game\ of )Tj -0.0307 Tw T* (cricket is played\220. )Tj 0 Tw 7.439 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 128.261 260.4692 Tm ('8)Tj 10 0 0 10 134.933 257.2692 Tm [( )278( )]TJ -0.0307 Tw 0 0 TD [( )37(When E.)37( )37(T)111(.)37( Crutchley)92(,)37( the British government\220)74(s represen4)]TJ 0.0381 Tw -8.107 -1.3 Td [(tative in )37(Australia,)37( met members of the )37(Australian Board of Control to get )]TJ -0.0798 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(the charge of unsportsmanlike behaviour withdrawn,)37( )]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf -0.1168 Tw 22.712 0 Td [(The Austr)45(alian W)67(or)12(k)12(er)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tw [( )278( )]TJ 0.0798 Tw -22.712 -1.3 Td [(wondered: )74(\217Perhaps they are uneasily wondering if there is any possibility )]TJ 0.0465 Tw T* (of an incident resembling the historical tea raid in Boston Harbor prior\ to )Tj 0.0577 Tw T* [(the )37(American )37(W)86(ar of Independence arising out of this cricket imbroglio.)74(\220 )]TJ 0 Tw 31.733 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 371.194 195.4692 Tm ('7)Tj 10 0 0 10 377.866 192.2692 Tm [( )278( )278( )]TJ -0.0004 Tc -0.0024 Tw -32.4 -1.3 Td [(Indeed,)37( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 3.404 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0028 Tw 0 0 TD [(O\220Reilly asserted in his memoirs: )74(\217I am as certain of it as of the cos4)]TJ -0.0688 Tw -3.404 -1.3 Td (mic fact that night follows day \203 that violence would have erupted mi\ d4\021)Tj 0 Tw 30.844 0 Td ( eld )Tj 0.0007 Tw -30.844 -1.3 Td (during that disgraceful season had it not been for the magni\021)Tj 0.0003 Tw 26.067 0 Td ( cent character )Tj -0.0517 Tw -26.067 -1.3 Td [(of the heroic )37( )]TJ 0 Tw 5.531 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0517 Tw T* [(W)18(illiam Maldon )37(W)86(oodfull \203 )37(W)86(oodfull knew)92(,)37( and through him )]TJ -0.03 Tw -5.531 -1.3 Td [(we knew)92(,)37( that we were being called upon to make a colossal sacri\021)278( )-30(ce for the )]TJ 0 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(good of the game.)74(\220 )278( )]TJ 6 0 0 6 133.685 117.4691 Tm ('0)Tj 10 0 0 10 140.357 114.2691 Tm [( )278( )278( )]TJ -7.649 -1.3 Td ( )Tj -0.0049 Tc -0.1279 Tw 0 0 TD [(The English defenders of the tactic claimed that the )37(Australians had departed )]TJ -0.0513 Tw -1 -1.3 Td (5in a particularly unmanly way6 from the traditions of the game by compl\ ain4)Tj 0.0226 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(ing about an opponent\220)74(s tactic.)37( It was largely unspoken,)37( but the implication )]TJ 0.1504 Tw T* (was certainly that this was especially bad form if that opponent was the\ )Tj ET /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 0 0 1 109.5404968 29.7997742 cm /GS1 gs /Fm0 Do Q EMC endstream endobj 94 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 464 >> stream xTN0)\PElrb9zѦ@Y\+ BAjFS潙 "Tb1=.x< m/ d\7g7j1{5T6ƪ;P|y>7Ruʩ<\>uڊ{h~V͏6Uͥ`:Զa#S@P/d(QEOÇdUm1tO endstream endobj 95 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [63.81 15.849609 175.332 23.774414] /Border [0 0 0] /A 168 0 R >> endobj 96 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [178.5 15.849609 318.048 23.774414] /Border [0 0 0] /A 169 0 R >> endobj 97 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [69.804 23.774414 162.582 31.699219] /Border [0 0 0] /A 170 0 R >> endobj 98 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 10 >> stream x+| endstream endobj 99 0 obj << /Length 5670 >> stream q 1 0 0 1 0.5 1 cm 5.5 0 431 646 re W n 1 0 0 1 -0.5 -1 cm BT /GS0 gs /T1_0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 150.651 608.2671 Tm [(Bodyline,)37( Jardine and masculinity)]TJ 24.149 -63.559 Td (++)Tj -0.0049 Tc 0.0615 Tw 10 0 0 10 54 582.269 Tm [(MCC.)37( Many English critics based their arguments on the premise that it is )]TJ -0.0228 Tw 0 -1.3 TD (inconceivable for the tactics to be unsportsmanlike simply because they \ have )Tj -0.056 Tw T* [(been used by an English captain,)37( which,)37( in the minds of many English,)37( by def4)]TJ -0.0491 Tw T* [(inition made them fair)111(.)37( Larwood )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 13.892 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0049 Tc -0.0492 Tw 0 0 TD (argued that if he were not a fair bowler then )Tj -0.01 Tc 0 Tw -13.892 -1.3 Td (MCC )Tj 0 Tc 2.414 0 Td ( )Tj -0.01 Tc -0.0239 Tw T* [( would not have selected him and his captain would not have continued)-10( )]TJ 0.0437 Tw -2.414 -1.3 Td (to play him. )Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 5.19 0 Td ( )Tj -0.01 Tc 6 0 0 6 105.9045 520.4692 Tm ('2)Tj 0 Tc 10 0 0 10 112.457 517.2692 Tm [( )278( )]TJ -0.01 Tc 0.0437 Tw T* [( )37(This,)37( it would seem,)37( brings us back to the central actor in the)-10( )]TJ -0.0343 Tw -5.846 -1.3 Td [(Bodyline drama \205 Jardine.)37( In the end,)37( it was his decision to employ the tactics.)27( )]TJ 0.0045 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(While well4off amateurs like )37(Allen and the Nawab of Pataudi might have the)-10( )]TJ 0.0164 Tw T* [(freedom to object,)37( for the sons of Nottinghamshire coalminers like )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 28.514 0 Td ( )Tj -0.01 Tc 0 0 TD [(Larwood)-10( )]TJ 0.0089 Tw -28.514 -1.3 Td [(and )37(V)86(oce,)37( there was little choice but to implement the captain\220)74(s game plan as)-10( )]TJ 0.1063 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(instructed to the best of their abilities.)37( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 16.946 0 Td ( )Tj -0.01 Tc 0.1063 Tw 0 0 TD [(Jardine\220)74(s worldview was that of the)-10( )]TJ -0.0029 Tw -16.946 -1.3 Td [(high )37(V)37(ictorian period,)37( when the British ruled the waves and waived the rules.)27( )]TJ 0.0446 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(Jardine\220)74(s expectations of behaviour \021)274( )40(t squarely in a world in which colonial)-10( )]TJ -0.0022 Tw T* [(subjects of the Crown deferred to Englishmen in matters of taste and cul\ ture,)27( )]TJ 0.0248 Tw T* [(including in cricket.)37( )37(The English way was,)37( by de\021)]TJ -0.0098 Tc 0.0246 Tw 20.72 0 Td [( )20(nition,)37( the proper and civi4)]TJ -0.01 Tc 0.0768 Tw -20.72 -1.3 Td [(lised way)92(,)37( contradictions and hypocrisy be damned.)37( )37(Y)86(et the world in which)-10( )]TJ 0.0148 Tw T* [(the Bodyline tour occurred was a very different one.)37( )37(Three decades after fed4)]TJ 0.022 Tw T* [(eration,)37( )37(Australians saw their country as a full4grown man,)37( not a child.)37( )37(And,)27( )]TJ 0.1089 Tw T* [(like a man who still loves his nagging mother)111(,)37( )37(Australians held England in)-10( )]TJ 0.0477 Tw T* [(great regard,)37( but she was no longer an )]TJ -0.0073 Tc 0 Tw (unquestioned )Tj -0.005 Tc 0.0477 Tw 22.803 0 Td [(authority)92(.)37( )37(This was an)-5( )]TJ -0.0523 Tw -22.803 -1.3 Td (Australia that had come of age at )Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 13.909 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0049 Tc -0.0524 Tw 0 0 TD [( Gallipoli,)37( shortly before Britain was shaken )]TJ -0.0363 Tw -13.909 -1.3 Td [(to its core at the Somme.)37( )37(T)37(imes had changed and neither )37(Australian nor )37(W)74(est )]TJ 0 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(Indian acquiescence was forthcoming.)32( )]TJ 0 Tc 1 -1.3 Td ( )Tj 0.0333 Tw 0 0 TD [(In a chapter with the perhaps overly dramatic title )74(\217Decline of the )37(W)74(est\220,)37( )]TJ 0.1843 Tw -1 -1.3 Td (James contended that Bodyline was much more than simply a response )Tj 0.0867 Tw 0 -1.3 TD (to )Tj 0 Tw 1.254 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0867 Tw 0 0 TD [(Bradman\220)74(s batting or a moment of lost composure or poor judgement.)37( )]TJ 0 Tw -1.254 -1.3 Td [(Rather)111(,)37( he argued:)]TJ 9 0 0 9 66 226.2691 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.0365 Tw T* [(Bodyline was not an incident,)37( it was not an accident,)37( it was not a temporary )]TJ 0.1648 Tw 0 -1.333 TD [(aberration.)37( It was the violence and ferocity of our age expressing itself in )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.0045 Tw T* [(cricket.)37( )37(The time was the early thirties,)37( the period in which the contemporary )]TJ 0 Tc -0.0475 Tw T* [(rejection of tradition,)37( the contemporary disregard of means,)37( the contemporary )]TJ 0.0687 Tw T* [(callousness,)37( were taking shape.)37( )37(The totalitarian dictatorships cultivated bru4)]TJ 0.0673 Tw T* [(tality of set purpose \203 It began in )37(W)86(orld )37(W)86(ar I.)37( Exhaustion and a \021)]TJ 0 Tw 29.888 0 Td ( ctitious )Tj 0.121 Tw -29.888 -1.333 Td [(prosperity in the late twenties delayed its maturity)92(.)37( It came into its own in )]TJ -0.0114 Tw T* [(1*'*.)37( Cricket could no more resist than the other organizations and values of\ )]TJ 0.006 Tw T* [(the nineteenth century were able to resist.)37( )37(That big cricket survived the initial )]TJ 0.0774 Tw T* (shock at all is a testimony to its inherent decency and the deep roots i\ t had )Tj 0 Tw T* [(sunk. )278( )]TJ 5.4 0 0 5.4 87.0149 109.1491 Tm ('+)Tj 9 0 0 9 93.0197 106.2691 Tm [( )278( )278( )278( )278( )]TJ 10 0 0 10 54 88.2691 Tm ( )Tj 0.1706 Tw 0 0 TD [(Although,)37( generally speaking,)37( one disagrees at one\220)74(s own peril and usu4)]TJ 0.0342 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(ally to one\220)74(s detriment with James\220)74(s position on the cultural signi\021)]TJ 0 Tw 28.533 0 Td [( cance )-34(of )]TJ 0.0258 Tw -28.533 -1.3 Td [(cricket,)37( I think that James is mostly mistaken here.)37( James was arguing that )]TJ ET /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 0 0 1 109.5404968 29.7997742 cm /GS1 gs /Fm0 Do Q EMC endstream endobj 100 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 464 >> stream xTN0)\PElrb9zѦ@Y\+ BAjFS潙 "db1=.x< m/ d\7g7j1{5T6ƪ;P|y>7Ruʩ<\>uڊ{h~V͏6Uͥ`:Զa#S@P/d(QEOÇdUm1X2 endstream endobj 101 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [63.81 15.849609 175.332 23.774414] /Border [0 0 0] /A 171 0 R >> endobj 102 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [178.5 15.849609 318.048 23.774414] /Border [0 0 0] /A 172 0 R >> endobj 103 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [69.804 23.774414 162.582 31.699219] /Border [0 0 0] /A 173 0 R >> endobj 104 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 10 >> stream x+| endstream endobj 105 0 obj << /Length 5276 >> stream q 1 0 0 1 0.5 1 cm -5.5 0 431 646 re W n 1 0 0 1 -0.5 -1 cm BT /GS0 gs /T1_0 1 Tf 0.1 Tc 9 0 0 9 166.177 608.2673 Tm [(&\027$\032\033\026@ <.)37( \030\004\034\036"\033$$)]TJ 0 Tc -12.479 -63.559 Td (+\()Tj -0.0208 Tw 10 0 0 10 53.866 582.2693 Tm (Bodyline was part and parcel of the age of nascent fascism and Stalinism\ on )Tj 0.0368 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(the one hand,)37( and of industrialised,)37( mechanical,)37( )37(T)86(aylorist ef\021)278( )37(ciency)92(,)37( on the )]TJ 0.0373 Tw T* [(other)111(.)37( )37(And perhaps it was in part those things.)37( However)111(,)37( I believe it would )]TJ 0.0502 Tw T* [(be more accurate to see Bodyline less as the modern world asserting itse\ lf,)37( )]TJ 0.1504 Tw T* [(than as a clash of Jardine\220)74(s insistent )37(V)37(ictorian masculinism with a mod4)]TJ 0.0838 Tw T* [(ern world for which it was no longer suited.)37( James believed that )74(\217modern )]TJ 0.053 Tw T* [(society took a turn downwards in 1*'* and )74(\215It isn\220)37(t cricket\216)74( is one of the )]TJ 0 Tw T* [(causalities\220. )278( )]TJ 6 0 0 6 103.315 494.4692 Tm ('\()Tj 10 0 0 10 109.987 491.2692 Tm [( )278( )]TJ -0.0055 Tw 0 0 TD [( However)111(,)37( it is not James\220)74(s view of the 1*8-s that is too harsh,)37( )]TJ 0.1193 Tw -5.612 -1.3 Td [(but his view of )37(V)37(ictorian culture that is too rosy)92(.)37( )]TJ 0 Tw 21.933 0 Td ( )Tj 0.1193 Tw T* [( )37(W)129(.)37( G.)37( Grace may have )]TJ 0.047 Tw -21.933 -1.3 Td [(been the most emblematic and popular \021)278( )47(gure of the age,)37( but the )37(V)37(ictorian )]TJ 0.0642 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(period is not best understood in terms of good sportsmanship,)37( white \020)]TJ 0 Tw 30.733 0 Td ( an4)Tj -0.0109 Tw -30.733 -1.3 Td [(nel and afternoon tea.)37( Rather)111(,)37( I would argue that the response to the Indian )]TJ -0.0036 Tw T* (Rebellion of 1\(0+ is the truer face of England and the British Empire i\ n the )Tj -0.0381 Tw T* [(age of )37(V)37(ictoria.)37( Decorum,)37( noble values and attention to good form ruled the )]TJ -0.023 Tw T* [(day until they were insuf\021)278( )-23(cient to maintain British hegemony)92(,)37( and then they )]TJ 0.0645 Tw T* (were replaced by a willing brutality that could be set alongside any act\ of )Tj 0 Tw T* [(barbarism in the history of man.)37( )]TJ 1 -1.3 Td [( )278( )278( )]TJ 0.0525 Tw 0 0 TD [(Jardine\220)74(s actions make sense when considering them through the lens of )]TJ 0.108 Tw -1 -1.3 Td [(the high )37(V)37(ictorian British masculinity that combined the ideals of sports4)]TJ 0.0007 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(manship with the concrete reality of British material superiority)92(.)37( )37(This is not )]TJ 0.0487 Tw T* [(dissimilar to the way that the )37(V)37(ictorian belief in free trade remained dom4)]TJ 0.0171 Tw T* [(inant as long as Britain\220)74(s industrial and imperial power made that ideology )]TJ 0 Tw T* (pro\021)Tj 0.0072 Tw 1.779 0 Td [( )7(table.)37( )37(This is not to suggest that these ideologies were insincerely heldX )]TJ -0.0424 Tw -1.779 -1.3 Td (the fact that an ideology works in the self4interest of its proponents d\ oes not )Tj 0.0176 Tw T* [(necessarily render that belief insincere.)37( It is not that Jardine did not believe )]TJ 0.052 Tw T* (that the best man should winX it was simply that he could not believe th\ at )Tj 0 Tw T* [(the English side were not the best men.)37( )]TJ 1 -1.3 Td ( )Tj 0.0918 Tw 0 0 TD [(T)98(o that end,)37( it is worth exploring the nature of Jardine\220)74(s conception of )]TJ 0.1857 Tw -1 -1.3 Td [(manliness,)37( which would have encompassed his understanding of sports4)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.0416 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(manship as well as imperial relations.)37( )37(There are two often4repeated stories )]TJ 0 Tc 0.0836 Tw T* (about Jardine that are used to explain his insistence on employing a dan\ 4)Tj 0.1604 Tw T* [(gerous and unsportsmanlike bowling attack against the )37(Australians.)37( )37(The )]TJ 0 Tw T* (\021)Tj 0.1349 Tw 0.278 0 Td [( )135(rst is a remark made by the )37(W)74(est Indian4born manager of the 1*8'/88 )]TJ -0.0149 Tw -0.278 -1.3 Td [(English team,)37( )]TJ 0 Tw 6.044 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0149 Tw 0 0 TD [(Pelham )37(W)86(arner)111(,)37( who stated that )74(\217when [Jardine] sees a cricket )]TJ 0 Tw -6.044 -1.3 Td (\021)Tj 0.1042 Tw 0.278 0 Td [( )104(eld with an )37(Australian on it,)37( he goes mad\220. )]TJ 0 Tw 19.375 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 250.393 143.4692 Tm ('*)Tj 10 0 0 10 257.065 140.2691 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.1042 Tw T* [( )37(Although pithy)92(,)37( this is cer)55(4)]TJ 0.0702 Tw -20.32 -1.3 Td [(tainly an inadequate explanation of Jardine\220)74(s steadfast refusal to abandon )]TJ 0.0619 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(the controversial tactics.)37( )37(Whatever Jardine was,)37( he was neither crazed nor )]TJ 0.0491 Tw T* [(out of control due to an over)55(4exuberance of emotion.)37( His whole personal4)]TJ 0.0076 Tw T* [(ity was methodical and calculating,)37( and so was this decision.)37( Cold4blooded )]TJ -0.0314 Tw T* [(and ruthless he may well have been,)37( but mad he was not.)37( )37(T)98(o be sure,)37( Jardine )]TJ 0.1809 Tw T* [(hated the behaviour of the )37(Australian crowds as much as they detested )]TJ ET /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 0 0 1 109.5404968 29.7997742 cm /GS1 gs /Fm0 Do Q EMC endstream endobj 106 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 464 >> stream xTN0)\PElrb9zѦ@Y\+ BAjFS潙 "db1=.x< m/ 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subscribes to this )37(Article of Faith is not of much importance.)37( My objec4)]TJ 0.0689 Tw T* (tion is limited to the hostility and lack of taste to which this self4as\ sumed )Tj 0.0573 Tw T* [(licence gives rise.)74(\220 )]TJ 0 Tw 7.651 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 130.514 533.4692 Tm (8-)Tj 10 0 0 10 137.186 530.2692 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.0573 Tw 0 0 TD [( )74(\217T)86(aste\220 is of course decided by its relative proximity to )]TJ 0.0239 Tw -8.319 -1.3 Td [(middle4class English mores.)37( Similarly)92(,)37( in what seems like a pure case of the )]TJ 0.0262 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(pot calling the kettle black,)37( Jardine wrote: )74(\217)74(Australians,)37( however)111(,)37( would do )]TJ 0.1235 Tw T* (well to remember sometimes that there are other standards of behaviour )Tj 0.1064 Tw T* [(besides their own,)37( and that it is possible that there is much to be said in )]TJ 0.0729 Tw T* [(favour of those other standards.)74(\220 )]TJ 0 Tw 14.333 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 197.325 468.4691 Tm (81)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.997 465.2692 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.0729 Tw 0 0 TD [( Nonetheless,)37( playing the game the best )]TJ 0.0098 Tw -15 -1.3 Td (way he knew how was more important to Jardine than smoothing over the )Tj 0 Tw 0 -1.3 TD (ruf\020)Tj 0.047 Tw 1.556 0 Td [( )47(ed feathers of his colonial opponents,)37( much less the )37(Australian masses )]TJ 0.0948 Tw -1.556 -1.3 Td [(and press.)37( In fact,)37( according to Larwood )]TJ 0 Tw 18.054 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0948 Tw 0 0 TD [(,)37( Jardine )]TJ 0 Tw 4.099 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0948 Tw T* (donned this multi4hued )Tj 0 Tw -22.152 -1.3 Td [(hat just to annoy the )37(Australian crowds. )278( )]TJ 6 0 0 6 227.559 416.4691 Tm (8')Tj 10 0 0 10 234.231 413.2692 Tm [( )278( )278( )]TJ -17.023 -1.3 Td ( )Tj 0.0542 Tw T* [(The second popular anecdote relates that,)37( upon learning that MCC had )]TJ -0.0719 Tw -1 -1.3 Td [(selected Jardine captain of England,)37( an old schoolmaster of his at )37(W)18(inchester )]TJ 0.0597 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(is said to have remarked: )74(\217W)74(ell,)37( we shall win the )37(Ashes \205 but we may lose )]TJ 0.1306 Tw T* [(a Dominion.)74(\220 )]TJ 0 Tw 5.78 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 111.805 364.4692 Tm (88)Tj 10 0 0 10 118.477 361.2692 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.1306 Tw 0 0 TD [( )37(This is,)37( I believe,)37( a more accurate assessment of Jardine\220)74(s )]TJ 0.0087 Tw -6.448 -1.3 Td [(motives.)37( Over the course of the )37(V)37(ictorian and Edwardian period,)37( sport had )]TJ 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(obviously come to be more than a pastime,)37( especially for public school and )]TJ 0.0416 Tw T* [(Oxbridge old boys.)37( For many who excelled at games,)37( athletic achievement )]TJ 0.108 Tw T* [(came to be an all4encompassing worldview)92(,)37( from which one could divine )]TJ 0.17 Tw T* [(an individual\220)74(s values and place in society)92(.)37( Modern sports were born in )]TJ 0.045 Tw T* (the British public schools where male administrators sought to control t\ he )Tj 0.0616 Tw T* (energies 5sexual and otherwise6 of unruly boysX from that highly gendere\ d )Tj 0.039 Tw T* [(beginning,)37( sports came to be bound up with the development and policing )]TJ 0.0107 Tw T* (of gender norms. )Tj 0 Tw 7.355 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 127.554 247.4692 Tm (87)Tj 10 0 0 10 134.226 244.2691 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.0107 Tw 0 0 TD ( Games not only displayed the proper attributes of man4)Tj 0.0446 Tw -8.023 -1.3 Td [(hood,)37( but they actively instilled those traits that were deemed essential for\ )]TJ 0.1039 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(true manhood: physical strength,)37( moral fortitude,)37( discipline,)37( co4 )]TJ 0 Tw 28.232 0 Td (operation )Tj 0.069 Tw -28.232 -1.3 Td [(and subordination to a group at the expense of individualism.)37( Being born )]TJ 0.0651 Tw T* (in an era of imperial expansion and dominance ensured that sport and its\ )Tj 0.0223 Tw T* (attendant gendering would be incorporated into a nexus of colonial power\ )Tj -0.0565 Tw T* [(relations,)37( both as a means to train and develop a ruling caste and in attempts )]TJ 0.0024 Tw T* [(to )74(\217civilise\220 the )74(\217uncivilised\220 colonial subjects. )]TJ 0 Tw 19.147 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 245.467 156.4692 Tm (80)Tj 10 0 0 10 252.139 153.2691 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.0023 Tw 0 0 TD [( In some cases \205 for example,)37( )]TJ 0 Tc 0.1 Tw -19.814 -1.3 Td [(cricket in )37(Australia \205 sport normally worked to unite imperial elites with )]TJ 0.0187 Tw 0 -1.3 TD (colonial subjects. )Tj 0 Tw 7.41 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 128.097 130.4692 Tm (82)Tj 10 0 0 10 134.769 127.2691 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.0187 Tw 0 0 TD [( In others,)37( such as Gaelic football and hurling in Ireland )]TJ 0 Tw -8.077 -1.3 Td [(or )278( )]TJ 0.1906 Tw 0.945 0 Td [( baseball in the United States,)37( sport worked to draw sharper distinc4)]TJ 0.0021 Tw -0.945 -1.3 Td (tions between groups. )Tj 0 Tw 9.451 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 148.511 104.4691 Tm (8+)Tj 10 0 0 10 155.183 101.2691 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.0021 Tw T* [( )37(What is certain is the fact that,)37( once modern sports )]TJ 0.0946 Tw -10.118 -1.3 Td [(were introduced into a new context,)37( the intentions of the original propo4)]TJ 0.0348 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(nents became nearly irrelevant,)37( as the games and the meanings attached to )]TJ 0.0788 Tw T* [(them took on lives of their own.)37( Jardine\220)74(s stubborn insistence on his own )]TJ ET /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 0 0 1 109.5404968 29.7997742 cm /GS1 gs /Fm0 Do Q EMC endstream endobj 112 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 464 >> stream xTN0)\PElrb9zѦ@Y\+ BAjFS潙 "db1=.x< m/ d\7g7j1{5T6ƪ;P|y>7Ruʩ<\>uڊ{h~V͏6Uͥ`:Զa#S@P/d(QEOÇdUm1X2 endstream endobj 113 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [63.81 15.849609 175.332 23.774414] /Border [0 0 0] /A 177 0 R >> endobj 114 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [178.5 15.849609 318.048 23.774414] /Border [0 0 0] /A 178 0 R >> endobj 115 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [69.804 23.774414 162.582 31.699219] /Border [0 0 0] /A 179 0 R >> endobj 116 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 10 >> stream x+| 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would be seen as ideal and def4)]TJ -0.0019 Tw T* [(initional \205 changed from time to time,)37( place to place,)37( class to class and race )]TJ 0.0995 Tw T* [(to race.)37( Consequently)92(,)37( ideal manhood for an aristocratic amateur English )]TJ 0.0024 Tw T* [(cricketer)111(,)37( for example,)37( was not necessarily the same as ideal manhood for a )]TJ 0.0472 Tw T* [(middle4class )37(Australian playing against him.)37( It is still nonetheless true that )]TJ -0.0368 Tw T* [(both would have seen the game as an integral way to instil,)37( develop and per)55(4)]TJ -0.0506 Tw T* [(form manliness in line with their societies\220 values.)37( )37(Y)86(et the reception of games )]TJ -0.055 Tw T* [(by colonial subalterns was in\020)278( )-55(uenced as much by the preference and dictates )]TJ 0.0655 Tw T* (of colonial culture as it was by British attempts at cultural imperialis\ m or )Tj 0.1377 Tw T* [(social control.)37( )37(The )37(Australians had learned cricket from the English,)37( but )]TJ 0.0563 Tw T* (how they played the game and the values they attached to various aspects\ )Tj -0.0443 Tw T* [(were products of their own culture,)37( not English culture.)37( )]TJ 0 Tw 23.811 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0443 Tw 0 0 TD (One example of this )Tj -0.0475 Tw -23.811 -1.3 Td [(is when O\220Reilly wrote that by the end of the campaign )74(\217T)86(est cricket had lost )]TJ 0.0292 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(all appeal.)37( Indeed I felt that I could not care less whether I ever turned out )]TJ 0.0067 Tw T* [(again for )37(Australia against England,)37( and the thought occurred to me that it )]TJ -0.0395 Tw T* (was a matter of some serious discussion whether there were any Englishme\ n )Tj 0.059 Tw T* [(worth playing against.)74(\220 )]TJ 0 Tw 9.992 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 153.786 299.4692 Tm (8\()Tj 10 0 0 10 160.458 296.2691 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.059 Tw 0 0 TD [( Clearly)92(,)37( the English were not the only ones using )]TJ 0 Tw -10.659 -1.3 Td [(the frame of masculinity to judge their opponents.)37( )]TJ 1 -1.3 Td ( )Tj -0.0771 Tw T* (In his book )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 4.938 0 Td [(Anti Bod)24(y-Line )]TJ 0 Tw 6.623 0 Td ( )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf T* ( )Tj -0.1141 Tw T* [(,)37( Australian Alan )-37(Kippax )]TJ 0 Tw 10.493 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0771 Tw T* ( diplomatically wrote: )Tj 0.0807 Tw -23.053 -1.3 Td [(\217I don\220)37(t think any reasonable person,)37( however partisan,)37( has in cold blood )]TJ 0.1068 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(accused either bowler)111(,)37( or Jardine )]TJ 0 Tw 14.504 0 Td ( )Tj 0.1068 Tw 0 0 TD [(,)37( of wishing to injure a batsman.)37( Such a )]TJ 0.0058 Tw -14.504 -1.3 Td (suggestion is unthinkableX but I state without reservation that I believ\ e that )Tj -0.0135 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(the campaign was from the \021)278( )-13(rst one of intimidation,)37( aimed in the \021)]TJ 0 Tw 28.525 0 Td [( rst )14(place )]TJ 0.0704 Tw -28.525 -1.3 Td (at Bradman )Tj 0 Tw 5.474 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0334 Tw 0 0 TD [(and W)86(oodfull )]TJ 0 Tw 5.95 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0704 Tw T* [(,)37( and,)37( secondly)92(,)37( when it began to prove success4)]TJ 0.0209 Tw -11.424 -1.3 Td [(ful,)37( at all the recognized )37(Australian batsmen.)74(\220 )]TJ 0 Tw 19.589 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 249.759 195.4692 Tm (8*)Tj 10 0 0 10 256.431 192.2692 Tm [( )278( )]TJ 0.0209 Tw T* ( Kippax )Tj 0 Tw 3.766 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0209 Tw T* (took a long4sighted )Tj -0.0509 Tw -24.022 -1.3 Td (view of the affair and argued that it is possible for two sportsmanlike \ parties )Tj 0.0862 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(to disagree on whether a tactic is sportsmanlike or not.)37( If,)37( after a debate,)37( )]TJ 0.0974 Tw T* [(it is deemed unsportsmanlike,)37( the original practitioners should not neces4)]TJ 0.0763 Tw T* [(sarily be condemned.)37( He wrote: )74(\217Occasionally there crops up in the arena )]TJ 0.0575 Tw T* [(of sport something new)92(,)37( something which public opinion has not yet been )]TJ -0.006 Tw T* [(able to label.)74(\220 )]TJ 0 Tw 5.749 0 Td ( )Tj 6 0 0 6 111.356 117.4691 Tm (7-)Tj 10 0 0 10 118.028 114.2691 Tm [( )278( )]TJ -0.006 Tw 0 0 TD [( In general,)37( )37(Australians saw themselves as the true guardians )]TJ 0.032 Tw -6.416 -1.3 Td [(of the shared imperial culture of sportsmanship,)37( which had deteriorated in )]TJ 0.1611 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(England.)37( For example,)37( the president of the )37(V)37(ictoria Cricket )37(Association,)37( )]TJ 0.0886 Tw T* [(Cannon Hughes,)37( stated: )74(\217Cricket is a game worth \021)278( )89(ghting for)111(,)37( and it is in )]TJ 0.0238 Tw T* [(peril now)92(.)37( )37(All of us should see that the grand old traditions are not broken )]TJ ET /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 0 0 1 109.5404968 29.7997742 cm /GS1 gs /Fm0 Do Q EMC endstream endobj 118 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 464 >> stream xTN0)\PElrb9zѦ@Y\+ BAjFS潙 "Tb1=.x< m/ d\7g7j1{5T6ƪ;P|y>7Ruʩ<\>uڊ{h~V͏6Uͥ`:Զa#S@P/d(QEOÇdUm1tO endstream endobj 119 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [63.81 15.849609 175.332 23.774414] /Border [0 0 0] /A 180 0 R >> endobj 120 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [178.5 15.849609 318.048 23.774414] /Border [0 0 0] /A 181 0 R >> endobj 121 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [69.804 23.774414 162.582 31.699219] /Border [0 0 0] /A 182 0 R >> endobj 122 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 10 >> stream x+| endstream endobj 123 0 obj << /Length 6464 >> stream q 1 0 0 1 0.5 1 cm 5.5 0 431 646 re W n 1 0 0 1 -0.5 -1 cm BT /GS0 gs /T1_0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 150.651 608.2671 Tm [(Bodyline,)37( Jardine and masculinity)]TJ 24.149 -63.559 Td (\(1)Tj 10 0 0 10 54 582.269 Tm [(down.)74(\220 )278( )]TJ 6 0 0 6 83.2801 585.4691 Tm (71)Tj 10 0 0 10 89.9521 582.269 Tm [( )278( )]TJ -0.036 Tw T* [( Likewise,)37( in discussing British defences of Bodyline,)37( )]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf -0.073 Tw 22.477 0 Td [(The Austr)45(alian )]TJ -0.012 Tc 0 Tw -26.072 -1.3 Td [(W)55(o)-12(rke)-12(r)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 3.243 0 Td ( )Tj 0.1395 Tw T* [( dryly noted: )74(\217Most comments contend that the ends justi\021)]TJ 0 Tw 26.128 0 Td [( ed )-139(the )]TJ -29.371 -1.3 Td [(means,)37( a new code of ethics in regard to cricket.)74(\220 )278( )]TJ 6 0 0 6 263.458 559.4691 Tm (7')Tj 10 0 0 10 270.13 556.269 Tm [( )278( )278( )]TJ -20.613 -1.3 Td ( )Tj -0.0049 Tc 0.1292 Tw T* [(Jardine and the English would have none of this.)37( )37(They steadfastly held )]TJ 0.0859 Tw -1 -1.3 Td [(that the )37(Australians were cowards and poor cricketers.)37( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 24.23 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0047 Tc 0.0856 Tw T* (Larwood explicitly )Tj -0.0049 Tc 0.0581 Tw -24.23 -1.3 Td [(stated so: )74(\217Y)86(ou ask why )37(W)86(oodfull could not stand up to my fast leg4theory )]TJ 0.0664 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(bowling{ )37(These are the true reasons: )37(W)86(oodfull was too slow and Bradman )]TJ -0.0266 Tw T* [(was too frightened.)37( )37(Y)86(es frightened is the word.)37( Bradman would just not have )]TJ -0.0199 Tw T* [(it.)37( He was scared of my bowling.)37( I knew it as everybody did.)74(\220 )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 25.758 0 Td ( )Tj -0.005 Tc 6 0 0 6 311.576 481.4692 Tm (78)Tj 0 Tc 10 0 0 10 318.188 478.2692 Tm [( )278( )]TJ -0.0046 Tc -0.0203 Tw 0 0 TD [( )37(This is a view )]TJ -0.005 Tc 0.0442 Tw -26.419 -1.3 Td [(that was shared,)37( coincidentally)92(,)37( by )37(Australian great )37( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 22.252 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0048 Tc 0.044 Tw T* [(W)86(arwick )74(\217The Big Ship\220 )]TJ -0.005 Tc 0.0398 Tw -22.252 -1.3 Td [(Armstrong,)37( who covered the series for the London )]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 22.094 0 Td [(Ev)12(ening News)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj -0.0043 Tc 0.0391 Tw 6.191 0 Td [(,)38( and was )]TJ -0.005 Tc 0.0297 Tw -28.285 -1.3 Td (very critical of Bradman for using batting tactics against Bodyline )Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 28.515 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0044 Tc 0.0291 Tw T* (which he )Tj -0.005 Tc 0.0936 Tw -28.515 -1.3 Td [(5Armstrong6 thought were bred of fear)111(. )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 17.111 0 Td ( )Tj -0.005 Tc 6 0 0 6 225.109 429.4691 Tm (77)Tj 0 Tc 10 0 0 10 231.721 426.2692 Tm [( )278( )]TJ -0.0048 Tc 0.0934 Tw T* [( Jardine believed that )74(\217upon good )]TJ 0.0541 Tw -17.772 -1.3 Td (wickets if a 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)]TJ -0.0048 Tc 0.0231 Tw 0 0 TD [( )37(While it may be easy to dismiss )]TJ 0.1397 Tw -18.651 -1.3 Td [(this as pure bravado,)37( it is not inconceivable that that indeed would have )]TJ 0.0176 Tw 0 -1.3 TD [(been Jardine\220)74(s response.)37( His belief in the stiff upper lip in that situation was )]TJ 0.1067 Tw T* [(undoubtedly quite deeply and sincerely held.)37( Nonetheless,)37( Jardine\220)74(s ability )]TJ -0.005 Tc 0 Tw T* [(for self4criticism was limited.)32( )]TJ 0 Tc 1 -1.3 Td ( )Tj -0.005 Tc 0.1722 Tw 0 0 TD [(Shortly after the conclusion of the Bodyline tour)111(,)37( Jardine published )]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0 Tw 30.46 0 Td (In )Tj -0.005 Tc 0.1431 Tw -31.46 -1.3 Td [(Quest of the )37(Ashes)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj -0.0049 Tc 0.143 Tw 8.469 0 Td [( as a defence of his behaviour)111(.)37( For Jardine,)37( the blame )]TJ 0.1586 Tw -8.469 -1.3 Td (for the \021)Tj 0.1585 Tw 3.72 0 Td [( )156(asco lay solely with the behaviour of the crowds,)37( the press and )]TJ 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f&(ҳL⻊VB"cdΗ<_Ь&d;rٌ,[Mv>ͳLS[Nx#g4.i=%)̻o}zmb6_8aK/Qjl6zqRN9sjD@Aq|A12fN'ӗ.`޷~[M:KG 9NE &qN0 ؖ&Q͛[3F8~( Mȷo F^mFEG l+E>dQ~r!'0qÄ>nrѻRE +Yn@EjDz-rJ 'ڏs'^<_qKZ,Zˋ9z4mֿ@G&o{ WoD[̶&nP® xyl!+?Mq6L8W/TBrEnZ_&ARʛS /<,kZ6%6F PgnSX{3-ؗ:'_2xRY{$J$Y1~Z{L&wox7oYжY&yi:\Rh` {hl1ze$&7VKc\CY|ސv՟4}DGrGg2cv3M˘t>K)<6B"\sTYlbӴO%DE Qi}~rx2{j܇i.HUS)c7-9݋D(~3µ;!`XѕF܄̠ \C`#qu04OHơF ޽`E!ςXeqgp\{`7mkE]?-|Ao]UB8)(ul YQ5?°{|2%:v]k/>F|!4/ 3O<_"" >h:,eB@~GL_TG?7hߙX,\[WH'zoAh\琹!9t"t#KߖO b#/ֳfu'h !ԲJFgW0#x6~a ]7@qߥʲ~Zx?׫[rх J~_u`jls[bc !rJ2oDJ/b"4Kb".S C9%o޼NavκqoS-_Jww<9j%Ú?g <q&"}OC': m$k?قe&R[On%XRz@Zkpt"!^Hp7sGMf2x(|4$EaT>tBbs7qԺ*sBkؚ+ꂱ1/ՈQ٠7ycwRh+)j ;D>K bHWn][Â`Q@uZ!$i<`|:($9\ԖM^-ȍf{r?<'ƺ3xOTIqy;s J4v,k[*%OD c.#QoS.CJk˫?8L%ʣ8)&N,Υ3sh9V{}ok9srQ$BPqEfQz`ZC}8+i0 lkA"}f!WS]֪iZzmP1әyGL3Rcn<>JHޤºkE/}}~|ܙOC0PYTcvhf"_?VuUdOˡ ;YfC]S󕼨,FPF_kUۙq;o;~y,%2u1IЗ]F16=nȋ5ZdZ!Ce.SF~ z8㪟?>x=XGQKJ͚ɮ"XǔX uٯPNN$x+*fOnZlX2(ұq[=M"jvRIDN9f/M*RkzԌQ@ow\CC(1X)b (T enX k6lmۺt´4mǙކn=^ 8A` o) ) 5n諥p!--j; 3kcsٟS5ܢhjM;ɋ0:¤\j{.w55v@{J0 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fdӂ!_K[~И(6R^Ԅ䄣 #>,W12(U^Jb)@ =U~ >5X6C5qx8P>GKK ON%ЯxiԷ  Z~ ꆒiS\d@LU_^?^un ģt&_Ƈd=^s+V\~?!`M΀PpXHt@K-vxy7/?7snjޤjZ`Kw>!$o3pu06\TkOZ[ɺz|2 fBhU!?}1D;URN'QekE<oh\RtD*ّcx:w'rE%Y*5  a f%fIjN%B*)E<>|m?VkA/lM("j')'Rlx@^z7ڽ`Z)m[j_PDn`Ֆ"L  ϦKDt0 ns9;3!ra KRgұD"#P_g.G'4* K: զ`zDZORtHݦ.֊[}7C }/AS߁ 0KPs/ճ yXˢ6}?\{Q߅QwKoiᗨ1Юm. 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